Leather manufacturing involves a crucial energy-intensive drying stage in the finishing process to remove its residual moisture. Determining drying characteristics of leather is vitally important so as to optimize the drying stage. This paper describes an analytical way for determination of the drying characteristics of leather. The model presented, is based on fundamental heat and mass tra...

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Lythraceae, is mainly grown in Mediterranean region. It is one of the major cultivated productions of Iran, which have been used in folk medicine for many centuries. It has been proved that pomegranate has a high antioxidant activity and is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis. This study compares the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid...

vegetable tannins are the main factor of tanning in historical leathers. the identification of tannins in vegetable tanned leathers is not only importantin determining chemical characterization, production technology and structural nature of the leather, but it is also efficient at the evaluation of new vegetable tannins for conservation purposes. previous studies have also shown that chemical ...

It is rather strange that today I am talking about chrome-free tannages when I have devoted my whole life to improving the chrome-tanning system. When I was a student, I wondered why chrome tanned leather that stood the boil, did so only for about 1 to 2 minutes. My ambition was to find out how leather could be treated like textile, and we discovered and patented a product and process for impro...

Looseness is defect that affects the quality of a significant proportion of leather, particularly bovine leather. This defect causes a wrinkled appearance on the leather surface and results in a significant reduction in the leathers value. The structural mechanism and causes of looseness in leather are not well understood; therefore this study aims to gain a better understanding of this. We hav...

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Lythraceae, is mainly grown in Mediterranean region. It is one of the major cultivated productions of Iran, which have been used in folk medicine for many centuries. It has been proved that pomegranate has a high antioxidant activity and is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis. This study compares the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid...

The mortality of 833 male tannery workers known to have been employed in the industry in 1939 and who were followed up to the end of 1982 was studied. A total of 573 men had been employed in making leather tanned by vegetable extracts for soles and heels, and 260 men had used chrome tanning to make leather for the upper parts of shoes. No significant excesses of deaths were found for any of the...

Asurlu tüccarlar, Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Dönemi’nde, Anadolu’daki şehir devletlerinde Asur’dan getirdikleri temel ürünler olan kalay ve çeşitli yün kumaşların dışında, Anadolu menşeli bakır gibi ürünlerin de ticaretini yaparak kazançlarını artırma gayreti içinde olmuşlardır. Tüccarların yaptıkları bu ürünlere yine şehirlerinden tedarik edilen deri ya da post eklenebilir. Kültepe tabletlerinde ...