In this work, a novel acausal and reconfigurable battery pack model is presented. The model structure adopted for the battery cell is based on an equivalent circuit representation. The circuit elements are modified to take account of both hysteresis and diffusion limitation. The latter is known to be a nonlinear function of large operating currents or long operating times. It is shown that the ...

This paper shows that the power system performance (batteries, solar array, power regulator) on-board the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite has met or exceeded pre-launch predictions, and has successfully managed the performance of NiCd batteries which had shown anomalous performance on other missions such as UARS and GRO. The battery performance is addressed through the following parameters: end-of-dis...

The accurate peak power estimation of a battery pack is essential to the power-train control of electric vehicles (EVs). It helps to evaluate the maximum charge and discharge capability of the battery system, and thus to optimally control the power-train system to meet the requirement of acceleration, gradient climbing and regenerative braking while achieving a high energy efficiency. A novel o...

Emergency l ight ing systems are frequently employed as a required safety feature within business premises. These systems comprise essentially of a control circuit, a battery pack, a trickle charging circuit, and either an in-built incandescent lamp, or an inverter that will allow the battery supply to drive the existing fluorescent tubes. It is the latter version, and the requisite DC-AC inver...

Abstract In special vehicles, single cells or battery packs often provide energy for the vehicle after being connected in series and parallel. However, due to influence of production process use environment, inconsistencies may occur pack, resulting a decline performance pack. Therefore, balance management system has increasingly become an indispensable module system. It can perform real-time b...

As lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells degrade over time and usage, it is crucial to understand their remaining capacity, also known as State of Health (SoH), inconsistencies between in a pack, cell-to-cell variation (CtCV), appropriately operate maintain LIB packs. This study outlines efforts model pack SoH CtCV nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) packs consisting four series...