Stochastic activity networks (SANs) are a powerful and flexible extension of Petri nets. However, SANs facilities are not enough for modeling and analysis of complex and large-scale systems. In order to provide such high-level modeling facilities, we have defined some new extensions for SANs. We intend to preserve all capabilities of SANs for performance, dependability and performability evalua...

2014 We report a large decrease in small-angle-neutron scattering (SANS) after relaxationannealing below Tg in glassy Pd80Si12Ge8 ribbons. We had previously reported here on the SANS in this alloy and its anisotropy which we attributed to defect orientations induced by the shearing action of the substrate during rapid solidification. We now attribute the decrease in the anisotropic SANS to the ...

The evolution of the vertebrate kidney records three occasions, each separated by about 50 million years, when fish have abandoned glomeruli to produce urine by tubular mechanisms. The recurring dismissal of glomeruli suggests a mechanism of aglomerular urine formation intrinsic to renal tubules. Indeed, the transepithelial secretion of organic solutes and of inorganic solutes such as sulfate, ...

In the quest for market mechanisms that are easy to implement, yet close to optimal, few seem as viable as posted pricing. Despite the growing body of impressive results, the performance of most posted price mechanisms however, rely crucially on price discrimination when multiple copies of a good are available. For the more general case with non-linear production costs on each good, hardly anyt...