Fat, oil and grease deposits in sewer systems are known as calcium based fatty acid salts that are responsible for a significant number of sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) throughout the United States. Since 2007, clean water act (CWA) requires publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to invest more than 15 billion dollars in new pipes and infrastructure to eliminate the overflows. However, little...

Nested within the typical scope of wastewater infrastructure management lies the hurdle of data transfer. We increasingly rely on the various crews of our authority to collect specific system data, and deliver it to administrative personnel. Due to escalating regulatory requirements, our authority has begun a venture to create a seamless transition between field data acquisition and end user fo...

WE are so accustomed to regard the sanitary engineer as a bulwark against infectious diseases that we are apt to be shocked when he is portrayed as an insufferable nuisance. In a lecture recently delivered in Denmark, Dr. M. Hindhede, the distinguished vegetarian, gave an entertaining account of visits he had lately paid to garden cities in England and Germany. The villain of the piece in Engla...

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) occur when flows exceed the hydraulic capacity of either the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) or the collection system that transports the combined flow of storm water and sanitary sewage to the WWTP. When an overflow occurs, the excess flows tend to be discharged into a receiving body of water. CSOs typically discharge a variable mixture of raw sewage, industri...

Basic sanitation services are essential for human development, promoting health and inhibiting the spread of waterborne diseases. The availability information on water at local level supports formulation, implementation improvement public policies aimed advancing provision basic to population. In Brazil, National Water Sanitation Data System (SNIS), administered by Ministry Regional Development...

Non-sewered sanitary systems (NSS) are emerging as one of the solutions to poor sanitation because of the limitations of the conventional flush toilet. These new sanitary systems are expected to safely treat faecal waste and operate without external connections to a sewer, water supply or energy source. The Nano Membrane Toilet (NMT) is a unique domestic-scale sanitary solution currently being ...

During the past two years an extensive and a very interesting program of malaria control has been in progress in the town of Chimbote, Peru. Chimbote lies on the cost of Perú about 250 miles north of Lima, and is, at the present time, a small fishing village of about 4,000 persons. Plans have been made to develop the Chimbote area into a large industrial center, and it is in connection with thi...