Many experimental measurements support the hypothesis that the middle temporal (MT) area of the rhesus monkey has a central role in processing visual motion. Most of these studies were performed using luminance stimuli, leaving open the question of how color information is used during motion processing. We investigated the specific question of how S-cone signals, an important source of color in...

Article history: Received 11 June 2007 Received in revised form 12 February 2008 Accepted 20 February 2008 The Saco River flows through a rock bound, mid-latitude estuary recognized as the primary source of sand to the Saco Bay barrier beach system. To better constrain the conditions under which the Saco River contributes sand to Saco Bay, three moorings equipped with current meters and a CTD w...

Most studies of active aeolian processes on Mars have focused on dust [1], i.e., particles -1 [tm in diameter that are transported in suspension by wind. The presence of sand dunes on Mars [2-8] indicates that larger grains ( >60 _tm, transported primarily in saltation) are also present. Although indirect evidence suggests that some dunes may be active [9], definitive evidence is lacking. Nonet...

Leishmania spp. are polarized single-celled eukaryotic parasites, the perpetuation of which relies on two other organisms they "use" as hosts. One of the Leishmania host organisms is a blood-feeding female sand fly, the second host being a mammal that acts as a blood source for the female sand fly. Leishmania-hosting sand flies transmit the metacyclic promastigote developmental stage to the mam...

Babolsar eastern coastal dunes have been developed along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The studied area is coordinated in N36°43' to N36°44' latitude and E52°44' to E52°52' longitude. The objectives of this research were to: Study mineralogy and geochemistry of sand dunes, to obtain chemical alteration index (CIA) and its relationship to climate and mineralogy, to de...

The interaction of wind and water in semiarid and arid areas usually leads to low-frequency flash flood events in desert rivers, which have adverse effects on river systems and ecology. In arid zones, many aeolian dune-fields terminate in stream channels and deliver aeolian sand to the channels. Although aeolian processes are common to many desert rivers, whether the aeolian processes contribut...

The efficacy of three suction traps for trapping phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) was compared. Traps were baited with Co(2) and used without any light source. CO(2)-baited CDC traps were evaluated either in their standard downdraft orientation or inverted (iCDC traps). Mosquito Magnet-X (MMX) counterflow geometry traps were tested in the updraft orientation only. Both updraft tra...

The reuse of mineral wastes is one of the most suitable solid wastes solutions. Throughout the world, the large of the granular aggregates used in constructions exploit natural mountain resources and rivers. Using mineral waste as a part of concrete, it can be helped to create a green environment and also contribute to sustainable development. Since the copper production process in the Sarchesh...