Farmers in the San Francisco Estuary have been using increasing amounts of weed killers, also called herbicides, on their farms. Herbicides kill unwanted weeds without hurting food crops. However, did you know that herbicides can hurt fish as well, especially those live Estuary, like delta smelt? Delta smelt are small, translucent only occur Estuary. In past, could be found everywhere they curr...

Climate change is driving rapid changes in environmental conditions and affecting population and species' persistence across spatial and temporal scales. Integrating climate change assessments into biological resource management, such as conserving endangered species, is a substantial challenge, partly due to a mismatch between global climate forecasts and local or regional conservation plannin...

In this study, the length at first maturity and growth characteristics of big scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso 1810) were investigated in İznik Lake. Catching trials conducted on a monthly basis 4 different stations lake between March 2014 February 2015 beach seine net with 6 mm codend mesh size was used samplings. The overall sex ratio subsample founded as 1:1.46 (F:M; 1180 females, 172...

In this study, the growth parameters of big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810) in İznik Lake has been determined with traditional (length weight relationships (LWRs), von Bertalanffy (VB), condition factor (CF)) and modern approaches (Artificial Neural Networks - ANNs). A total 635 specimens (44.84% female 55.16% male) were collected from local fisherman during hunting season betwee...

We investigated the degree of flexibility in retention strategies of young fishes in the low-salinity zone (LSZ) of the San Francisco Estuary during years of highly variable river flow. We conducted depth-stratified sampling over three full tidal cycles in each year from 1994 to 1996. In 1994, exotic striped bass (Morone saxatilis), native longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), and exotic yel...

Turbidity can influence trophic levels by altering species composition and can potentially affect fish feeding strategies and predator-prey interactions. The estuarine turbidity maximum, described as an area of increased suspended particles, phytoplankton and zooplankton, generally represents a zone with higher turbidity and enhanced food sources important for successful feeding and growth in m...

The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the landward reach of the San Francisco Estuary, provides habitat for threatened delta smelt, endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, and other species of concern. It is also the location of huge freshwater diversion facilities that entrain large numbers of fish. Reducing the entrainment of listed fishes into these facilities has required curtailment of pumping, ...