I review the concept of self-organized criticality, wherein dissipative systems naturally drive themselves to a critical state with important phenomena occurring over a wide range of length and time scales. Several exact results are demonstrated for the Abelian sandpile. Self-organized criticality concerns a class of dynamical systems which naturally drive themselves to a state where interestin...

This paper presents the results of a series of small-scale model tests and numerical analyses conducted on circular and ring model footings located near geogrid reinforced sand slopes. Layers of geogrid were used as reinforcement. For numerical analyses Finite Element Method (FEM) was used. The effects of reinforcement depth, size, number of layers, and the horizontal distance between reinforce...

Since 1988 we have been excavating at Giza, 350 m south of the Great Sphinx and south of the gigantic stone Heit el-Ghurob ("Wall of the Crow"). The concession, 650 m north-south and 250 m east-west (16 ha), extends from the bottom of the slope where Zahi Hawass has excavated the "workers' cemetery" in recent years, to the modern paved road and houses of Nazlet es-Semman and Kafr Gebel. A subst...

4 A newly emerging microbiological soil stabilization method, known as microbially 5 induced calcite precipitation (MICP), is tested for geotechnical engineering 6 applications. MICP is a promising technique that utilizes the metabolic pathways of 7 bacteria to form calcite precipitation throughout the soil matrix, leading to an increase 8 in soil strength and stiffness. This paper investigates...