The study evaluated possible transmission of Mycoplasma bovis from sand bedding to naive dairy calves. Screening of a closed herd showed 99% probability that the herd was free of mycoplasma in calves. Neonatal calves (n = 12) from the herd were blocked by weight and height and randomly assigned as controls (n = 6) bedded with quarry sand, or exposed (n = 6) bedded with M. bovis-positive bedding...

Complex life cycles have evolved independently numerous times in marine animals as well as in disparate algae. Such life histories typically involve a dispersive immature stage followed by settlement and metamorphosis to an adult stage on the sea floor. One commonality among animals exhibiting transitions of this type is that their larvae pass through a 'precompetent' period in which they do no...

BACKGROUND The Leishmania developmental life cycle within its sand fly vector occurs exclusively in the lumen of the insect's digestive tract in the presence of symbiotic bacteria. The composition of the gut microbiota and the factors that influence its composition are currently poorly understood. A set of factors, including the host and its environment, may influence this composition. It has b...

Background We employed a highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) by targeting 18S rRNA gene to identify the rapid mass screening of Leishmania infections in captured sand flies of southwest Iran and In vitro culture. Methods One hundred fifty sand flies were collected from 11 sites adjacent to Iraqi's borders in southern parts of Khuzestan Province by using sticky sheet...

sod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in iran. because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternative medium. rice hull, tea waste and leaf compost as economical organic material that are available in huge loads in north of i...

ENETIC analysis implying mutable alleles of the gene V to account for flower color variegation in a Nicotiana culture has been presented by SMITH and SAND (1957). These plants also contain stable genes for flower color and have been found useful for the study of interaction between environmental factors and genetic systems of varying stability (SAND 1957; SAND, SPARROW and SMITH 1960). The goal...

Ascophyllum nodosum is the most important commercial seaweed. Seaweeds have been applied as soil conditioners in improving plant growth and development in agricultural crops. In current study and for the first time, extracts of brown seaweed A. nodosum improved the growth of Robinia pseudoacasia L., an ornamental tree. This research investigated the effect of cultivation beds (sand, perlite, co...