This paper discusses the possibilities of laboratory simulation of large-scale flow around dunes, both with and without saltation, and the study of the physics of the small-scale particle motion occurring on a sand surface composed of like-moveable particles. Physics of the atmospheric boundary layer are presented in the context of laboratory applications. The governing equations of fluid and/o...

A new objective procedure was used to measure the strength of cutaneous saltation, in order to clarify current debates about the nature of this illusion. Three taps were presented successively to three possible forearm locations. Participants attended to the middle location and reported whether a tap was perceived there. When all stimuli were delivered to the same arm and intertap intervals wer...

Zebrafish fins grow by sequentially adding new segments of bone to the distal end of each fin ray. In wild type zebrafish, segment addition is regulated such that an isometric relationship is maintained between fin length and body length over the lifespan of the growing fish. Using a novel, surrogate marker for fin growth in conjunction with cell proliferation assays, we demonstrate here that s...

We apply a model for sand dunes to calculate formation of dunes on Mars under the present Martian atmospheric conditions. We find that different dune shapes as those imaged by Mars Global Surveyor could have been formed by the action of sand-moving winds occurring on today's Mars. Our calculations show, however, that Martian dunes could be only formed due to the higher efficiency of Martian win...

We reveal that the transition in the saturated flux for aeolian saltation is generically discontinuous by explicitly simulating particle motion in turbulent flow in two dimensions. The discontinuity is followed by a coexistence interval with two metastable solutions. We found also that the mere presence of mid-air collisions, surprisingly, enhances the saturated flux, which has a peak for an in...

Close to the onset of Aeolian particle transport through saltation we find in wind tunnel experiments a regime of discontinuous flux characterized by bursts of activity. Scaling laws are observed in the time delay between each burst and in the measurements of the wind fluctuations at the fluid threshold Shields number θc. The time delay between each burst decreases on average with the increase ...

The eolian transport of surface material on the planet Mars is estimated from results of low-pressure wind tunnel testing and theoretical considerations. A semiempirical re ation is developed that will estimate the total amount of surface material moving in eolian saltation, suspension, and surface traction. The estimated total mass movement of surface material per unit width time on the surfac...

Auditory saltation is a mislocalization phenomenon in which click trains presented successively at two discrete spatial locations appear to originate from a smoothly varying series of source locations spanning the true source locations. The temporal parameters of this illusion are investigated with click stimuli delivered via headphones with the goal of establishing a portable test of the illus...