formation of non bonded organic layer around inorganic particles like iron sulfide and zeolites, was hypothesized as starting point for one of the possible mechanisms of the origin of life on earth. in this study, the general circumstances needed for creation of such organic layer was investigated. an aliphatic hydrocarbon (hexane), an aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene), an alcohol (n-octanol) and ...

The Faraday Rotation (FR) is a non-negligible effect at the L-band, which operation frequency of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. This introduces rotation in electromagnetic field polarization when propagating through ionosphere that must be compensated. Recently, methodology was developed order to retrieve Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) from SMOS radiometric data with a...

The NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) has developed an ocean data assimilation system to initialize the quasi-isopycnal ocean model used in our experimental coupled-model forecast system. Initial tests of the system have focused on the assimilation of temperature profiles in an optimal interpolation framework. It is now recognized that correction of temperature only often ...

The study was made in order to evaluate the response of fifteen wheat genotypes (grown in Pakistan) to sodium chloride salinity at seedling stage keeping two levels of salinity (150 and 200 mM NaCl) along with a control (no application of salt). The effect of varieties on shoot length of wheat was non significant. Maximum shoot length was recorded in MH-97 (15.55cm) while minimum shoot length w...

Globally, seagrass beds have been recognized as critical yet declining coastal habitats. To mitigate seagrass losses, seagrass restorations have been conducted in worldwide over the past two decades. Seed utilization is considered to be an important approach in seagrass restoration efforts. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity and temperature on seed germination, seedling esta...

The effects of shading in combination with salinity treatments were studied in citrus trees on two rootstocks with contrasting salt tolerance to determine if shading could reduce the negative effects of salinity stress. Well-nourished 2-year-old 'Valencia' orange trees grafted on Cleopatra mandarin (Cleo, relatively salt tolerant) or Carrizo citrange (Carr, relatively salt sensitive), were grow...

The Apalachicola Bay is one of the most productive estuaries in Florida. Variations of salinity directly influence the productivity of the aquatic habitats. Physical conditions that affect the salinity include tidal elevations, wind and current velocities, precipitation, and the discharge of the Apalachicola River. In the present paper, cross-correlation techniques, autoregressive integrated mo...

Observations from 35 tropical moorings are used to characterize the diurnal cycle in salinity at 1 m depth. The amplitude of diurnal salinity anomalies is up to 0.01 psu and more typically 0.005 psu. Diurnal variations in precipitation and vertical entrainment appear to be the dominant drivers of diurnal salinity variability, with evaporation also contributing. Areas where these processes are s...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although mangroves have been extensively studied, little is known about their ecological wood anatomy. This investigation examined the potential use of vessel density as a proxy for soil water salinity in the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) from Kenya. METHODS In a time-standardized approach, 50 wood discs from trees growing in six salinity categorie...

in order to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity and three nitrogen nutrition on biochemical reactions and changes in dry weight of shoot and root on psyllium (plantago ovata f.), a glasshouse experiment in a complete randomized design with three replications in 2009 at university of zabol was conducted. salinity treatments in this experiment were 0, 100 and 200 mm of nacl and ni...