Herbal remedies for skin care with antibacterial and antifungal activities are prepared from a variety of plant parts such as leaves, stem, root, bark and fruits. These medicines are administered topically and may be applied in the form of cream, lotion, soap, sap, solvent extract and ointment, and have been established to possess antimicrobial properties[1]. The delivery of drugs through the s...

BACKGROUND An aerosol foam formulation of fixed combination calcipotriene 0.005% (as hydrate; Cal) plus betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% (BD) was developed to improve psoriasis treatment. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of Cal/BD aerosol foam with Cal/BD ointment after 4 weeks. METHODS In this Phase II, multicenter, investigator-blind, 4-week trial, adult patients with psoria...

Salicylic acid was applied topically to the skin of rabbits and humans in order to study the pharmacokinetics of percutaneous absorption, and the effects of formulation and application variables on the rate and extent of absorption. Drug samples incorporated into hydrophilic ointment (USP} and hydrophilic ointment containing 10% urea, were applied to the shaved abdominal areas of female New Zea...

Background: Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment has been successfully used in psoriasis vulgaris of active stage. However, the data of stationary stage was lack. Aims: To investigate the optimal regime of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment on psoriasis vulgaris of stationary stage. Methods: Patients were randomized into 3 groups, with calcipotriol/betamethasone ointme...

Most of the antibiotics were originally derived from micro-organisms while the chemotherapeutic agents are from plants. Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Along with other dosage forms, herbal drugs are also formulated in the form of ointment. An ointment is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a ...

Nocebo effects can be acquired by verbal suggestion, but it is unknown whether they can be induced through observational learning and whether they are influenced by factors known to influence pain perception, such as pain anxiety or pain catastrophizing. Eighty-five female students (aged 22.5 ± 4.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Participants in the control condition (...

BACKGROUND Topical therapies are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. The fixed combination of calcipotriol (Cal) 50 μg/g plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) is a first-line topical treatment and available as a gel or ointment. The use of these fixed combination products was compared in PRO-long, a long-term noninterventional study, for which interim results (4 and 12...