We study the compactification of OM-theory on tori and show a simple heuristic derivation of the S-duals of noncommutative open string theory in diverse dimensions from the OM-theoretical point of view. In particular, we identify the S-duality between noncommutative open string theory and noncommutative Yang-Mills theory in (3 + 1) dimensions as the exchange of two circles of a torus on which O...

In his recent article on "Quantum theory without observers" [1], Sheldon Goldstein raised a number of important questions about quantum theory. Even though I cannot quite understand what a universal physical theory without any concept of observers could mean, I agree with many of his critical remarks. Bell, who once objected "against measurement," also pointed out that Bohm's quantum theory dep...

we need sociology theories, for that understand of sociology and politic problems. french sociologist pierre bourdieu's theory practice and symbolic power are our best resource; for understanding social and political fields. this article reviews the language and symbolic power; indicating its function in social and political fields. we need sociology theories, for that understand of sociol...

The algebraic structure of S-Theory and its representations are described. This structure includes up to 13 hidden dimensions. It implies the existence of an SO(10,2) covariant supergravity theory as a limit of the secret theory behind string theory. The black hole entropy is invariant under transformations including the 11th and 12th dimensions. The discussion includes generalization into curv...

In the first part of this paper I explore the relations among distinctness, separability, number, and non-identity. 1 argue that Descartes believes plurality in things themselves arises from distinction, so that things distinct in any of the three ways are not identical. The only exception concerns universals which, considered in things themselves, are identical to particulars. I also argue tha...

one ef the most important innovations in the history ef traditional logic is the avicena's theory ef temporal modalities (.atm). althottgh) the basic concepts and elements ef this theory are fottnded in aristotelian and stoic-lvlegarian !0 gic) but as a independent lo,gical system, are devised on/y fry avicenna and were later developed and completed fry his followers. the atm theory contai...

one potentially basic concept in islam, as a religion, as reflected in the glorious qur’an , is the theory of ‘umma’ (community of muslims).this concept that has been stemmed from islam's political doctrine refers to features such as: tribe, clan, racial groups as well as a nation with stabilizing elements of religion's celestial values under the leadership of one prophet and those wh...

for rethinking the anthony giddens’s theory on “reflection”, it is necessary to reconsider his general approach to social reality, and then, situating the concept of “reflection” in the context of his general approach. thus, three-steps will be studied in the article: first, structuration theory that is most important opposition in his social theory. then, giddens's notion of tradition and...