purpose: to evaluate the distribution of tnf-alpha promoter -1031t/c and -308g/a polymorphisms in an iranian population with behcet disease and ocular manifestation. method: we investigated the distribution of tnf-alpha promoter -1031t/c and -308g/a polymorphisms in 53 patients with behcet disease (bd) and 79 matched healthy controls, using the pcr-rflp technique. all subjects were from an iran...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a very common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly population. current treatments for parkinson’s disease are based on symptom therapy but not the underlying cause of the disease. this disorder is caused neuronal death which triggers the activation of resident glial cells. this situation leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. activated ...

Studies of modest size and scope are challenging. When addressing questions unlikely to be soon answered by level 1 evidence from a multicenter randomized trial, the data they generate may be influential despite reservations about their limitations. By asking our commentators to address the clinical relevance of such studies, which are particularly well represented in this issue of PD Monitor &...

â  upper gastrointestinal tract (gastroduodenal) crohn’s disease (cd) is an uncommon condition, occurring in about 1-5% of all cd cases. our case was an extremely rare manifestation of cd, who presented with distal duodenal obstruction. as preoperative diagnosis was not estabâ­lished he underwent segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis. postoperative small bowel fistulae were not obser...

intestinal tuberculosis is an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis (tb) and has clinicopathological similarities with crohn's disease. in regions where tb is endemic clinicians must aware of this condition and fully evaluate their patients when crohn's disease is diagnosed. we recommend all pathologic specimens be evaluate effectively for tb.smear,culture and pcr for mycobacterium.tuberculosis...

introduction:brain imaging with f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18f-fdg) positron ‎emission tomography or tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (‎99mtc-hmpao) spect is widely used for the evaluation of alzheimer's ‎dementia (ad); we aim to assess superiority of one method over the ‎other. methods: twenty four patients with clinical diagnosis of alzheimer disease ‎underwent 18f-fdg pet and ‎99mtc-...

(a) The types of population vary enormously in parameters such as place of residence (e.g. community versus hospital-based samples) and age range (as dementia is much more common in the very elderly, a sample stratified towards the upper age ranges will contain numerically more cases). (b) The diagnostic procedures vary, some involve personal examination by trained staff, others rely on second-...

Gotham's disease or vanishing bone is a rare disease with unknown etiology. Frequently, children and young adults are affected. It is characterized by proliferation of vascular or lymphatic tissue which results in destruction and resorption of bone. In this disease, the destructed bone is replaced either by hemangiomatous or lymphangiomatous tissue ( s) and in a later stage, fibrosis occurs. It...