natural resources protection not only depends on technology but also on local institutions and organizations. using local organizations like islamic rural councils (ircs) is an alternative to make a proper sustainable organizational framework for managing natural resources as they have the effective role in enhancing rural participation. hence, many countries seek to exhort and use the local pa...

the study describes and evaluates inter-organizational communication and relationships involving rural development management of community lands within specific perimetros florestais in portugal. the research design is an exploratory research study approach that collected information with a mail questionnaire, interviews and information gleaned from community land association meetings and an in...

Background Like many other low- and middle-income countries, India faces challenges of recruiting and retaining health workers in rural areas. Efforts have been made to address this through contractual appointment of health workers in rural areas. While this has helped to temporarily bridge the gaps in human resources, the overall impact on the experience of rural services across cadres has yet...

industrial towns with whatever purpose, can reduce the problems in rural areas, providing employment and income for rural people and the welfare of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages to be effective. evaluation of the impact of the creation of industrial zones and rural employment status of workers, especially rural workers, the main objective of this research. this study seeks to answ...

one of the most important changes in the judicial system of iran was the establishment of dispute settlement councils in 1381. before this date, judgment and solving the disputes was being carried out only in official juridical centers. after establishing the councils, rural and urban communities welcomed those institutes that were in charge of judging some part of citizen’s problems. in this p...