The increase in built surfaces constitutes the main reason for formation of Urban Heat Island (UHI), that is a metropolitan area significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. urban heat islands and other urban-induced climate feedbacks may amplify stress flooding under change therefore to predict them correctly has become essential. Currently COSMO model, cities are represented by natu...

the cities of jay in pre-islamic and yahudiya in the post islamic period were located in a plain delimited from three sides by surrounding heights. this area, referred to in historical and geographical documents as the rostāq-i jay, was the most important rural district of isfahan's khora. with rising of buyids, they decided to change the seat of power from jay to yahudiya and consequently...

Large rural-urban child mortality differentials in many developing countries suggest that rural families can improve their children's survival chances by leaving the countryside and settling in towns and cities. This study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys in 17 countries to assess the impact of maternal rural-urban migration on the survival chances of children under age two in the ...

The negative impacts of rapid urbanization in developing countries have led to a deterioration in urban air quality, which brings increasing negative impact to its surrounding areas (e.g. in China). However, to date there has been rare quantitative estimation of the urban air pollution to its surrounding areas in China.We thus evaluated the impact of air pollution on the surrounding environment...

This paper analyzes how low skill rural-urban migration in Brazil from 1986 to 2000 led to an increase in the labor supply of high skill women living in urban areas. Using weather shocks in rural areas and the distance between rural and urban municipalities as intruments, we are able to build an exogenous migration shock by skill and gender to cities. We show that cities that received proportio...

BACKGROUND Career choices and placements of healthcare professionals in rural areas are a major problem worldwide, and their recruitment and retention to these areas have become a challenge to the health sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Community Based Education and Service (COBES) on medical graduates' choice of specialty and willingness to work in a rural are...

Does market access affect information technology by shaping its diffusion and adoption? The introduction of the telephone in Bavaria is used to demonstrate that local external affected both. External connections shortened time exchanges 3 percent on average, while 4 lines were due such inter-city communication links. However, relatively stronger effects from population size demand for services,...

China’s urbanisation process is unique compared to that of other developed economies in while the rural population migrating cities large numbers, area homestead use also continues increase. This research uses macro data and a threshold model further analyse this phenomenon “farmers leaving increasing”. Specifically, we focus on mechanisms action, development patterns regional differences impac...

BACKGROUND China has one of the world's largest health insurance systems, composed of government-run basic health insurance and commercial health insurance. The basic health insurance has undergone system-wide reform in recent years. Meanwhile, there is also significant development in the commercial health insurance sector. A phone call survey was conducted in three major cities in China in Jul...

rural tourism, a dynamic industry with a promising future, can play a key role in economic improvement of talented countries such as iran. abyaneh village is one of the best-known villages in both iran and the world. the number of annual visitors of this ancient village is approximately 550,000 that is a considerable number. within a short radius of abyaneh there are five villages (barz, tare, ...