OBJECTIVE To compare the cervical isometric strength, fatigue endurance and range of motion of adult and under-18 age-grade front-row rugby players to inform the development of a safe age group policy with particular reference to scrummaging. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING 'Field testing' at Murrayfield stadium. PARTICIPANTS 30 high-performance under-18 players and 22 adult ...

BACKGROUND Children and adolescents who play rugby are at increased risk of concussion and its effects. Competitive rugby union and rugby league feature as major sports in the school sport curriculum in the UK. There is a need for a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of concussion in youth rugby, the mechanisms involved in injuries and predisposing risk factors. DATA SOURCES The publi...

Binomial Test Example: Instances of sevens as digits from a random digit generator Step 1: Formulate hypotheses. H0 : π = 1 10 , Ha : π 6= 1 10 Step 2: Obtain a test statistic. In this case, I indicated a sample of 200 random digits yielded 35 sevens. Step 3: Calculate the P -value. The P -value is the conditional probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as ours given that ...

Abstract Objectives Full-contact football-code team sports offer a unique environment for illness risk. During training and match-play, players are exposed to high-intensity collisions which may result in skin-on-skin abrasions transfer of bodily fluids. Understanding the incidence all illnesses infections what impact they cause time-loss from competition is important improve athlete care withi...

OBJECTIVES To provide normative values for cervical range of motion (CROM), isometric cervical and shoulder strength for; International Senior professional, and International Age-grade Rugby Union front-row forwards. DESIGN Cross-sectional population study. SETTING All international level front-row players within a Rugby Union Tier 1 Nation. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen Senior and 21 Age-grade f...