A moment equations method was performed to study the Reversible chain Transfer Catalyzed Polymerization (RTCP) of styrene in 80°C. To do this, a kinetic scheme containing conventional free radical polymerization reactions and equilibrium reactions of RTCP was assumed. After obtaining mass balance equations, three moment equations were defined for free and dormant radicals and dead chains. M...

In this paper, we proposed a new VoIP system that employs an AMR speech codec which can vary its bit-rate from 12.2 kbits/s to 4.75 kbits/s on a frame basis depending on the network channel conditions. For monitoring of channel conditions every frame, we calculated interarrival jitter using the timestamp information in the RTP header. We then developed the AMR speech codec mode assignment algor...

This document defines a new report block type within the framework of RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Reports (XRs). One of the initial XR report block types is the Loss Run Length Encoding (RLE) Report Block. This report conveys information regarding the individual Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet receipt and loss events experienced during the RTCP interval preceding the transmis...

The Internet Protocol Television has received much attention in recent years. It is a service that delivers media contents to costumers using the Real-time Transport Protocol and RTP Control Protocol. It brings many benefits for consumer and even for media distributors. IPTV is a specific application. It has only one sender and it should be able to offer its content to a huge number of receiver...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical unloading on the repair of bone defects with implantation of biodegradable bone substitutes. Spherical granules of biodegradable hydroxyapatite composed of rod-shaped particles (RHA) or beta-tricalcium phosphate composed of rod-shaped particles (RTCP) were implanted into a bone defect created in the distal end of the right femur ...

Real-time media streams that use RTP are, to some degree, resilient against packet losses. Receivers may use the base mechanisms of the Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) to report packet reception statistics and thus allow a sender to adapt its transmission behavior in the mid-term. This is the sole means for feedback and feedback-based error repair (besides a few codecspecific mechan...

In a large RTP session using the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) feedback mechanism defined in RFC 4585, a feedback target may experience transient overload if some event causes a large number of receivers to send feedback at once. This overload is usually avoided by ensuring that feedback reports are forwarded to all receivers, allowing them to avoid sending duplicate feedback reports. However, th...

This document defines a new report block type within the framework of RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Reports (XRs). One of the initial XR report block types is the Loss Run Length Encoding (RLE) Report Block. This report conveys information regarding the individual Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packet receipt and loss events experienced during the RTCP interval preceding the transmis...

This article describes the need for protocols specifically designed for real-time applications, their significant features and their desired characteristics. It briefly introduces the RTP/RTCP protocols, the most widely used protocols for carrying real-time application data. INTRODUCTION Real time protocols cover specific needs by applications with real-time characteristics. Real-time applicati...

Nowadays, multimedia streaming is a common service on the Internet including both fixed and mobile networks. The RTP protocol is usually used to transfer the media. The RTCP protocol is an accompanying protocol for the RTP and it is used for feedback transmission in order to control multimedia session behaviour. The issue is the bandwidth dedicated for the RTCP protocol. As defined in the RTP s...