Enhancing harvested energy utilization and balancing consumption are the main challenges in designing routing protocols for harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs). This paper considers efficient hierarchical cluster-based method enhancing while ensuring balancing, reliability connectivity of EH-WSNs. For these aims, a new protocol EH-WSNs is proposed. contains two phases: cluster-route e...

in wireless sensor networks, optimal consumptionof energy and having maximum life time are important factors. in this article attempt has been made to send the data packets with particular reliability from the beginning based on aodv protocol. in this way two new fields add to the routing packets and during routing and discovering of new routes, the lowest remained energy of nodes and route tra...

Mobile Ad hoc Networks are typically characterized by high mobility and frequent link failures. As a result, routing algorithms selecting a single path during route creation have to make frequent route discoveries resulting in decreased throughput and high endto-end delay. Multipath routing approaches like AOMDV make use of pre-computed routes determined during route discovery. This solution, h...

In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), single path QoS routing is disadvantageous since it may cause fading, interference, collision and link failures. For QoS routing, load balancing is essential since it allows a router to take advantage of multiple best paths to a given destination. It can minimize the maximum utilization while supporting the same traffic demands. It reacts quickly to changes in ...

The authors propose a beaconless, on-demand, mobile ad hoc network routing protocol called minimum interference based routing protocol (MIF) that minimizes the end-to-end delay per data packet. During route discovery, each node inserts its identification and location information before broadcasting the Route-Request (RREQ) message in its neighborhood. The weight of a link, called the interferen...

Mobile ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless links, absence of any fixed networking infrastructure, and a dynamic network topology. Routing protocols for such networks typically use exchanges of control packets, either at fixed intervals of time or in response to a requirement, to adapt to the changing network topology. Balancing the optimality of the routes used in an ad hoc ...

Here, we collect two parts of a research project on the pedestrian flow modeling. Rapid growth in the volume of public transport and the need for its reasonable, efficient planning have made the description and modeling of transport and pedestrian behaviors as important research topics in the past twenty years. First, we present a macroscopic model for the pedestrian flow based on continuum mec...

This study is dedicated to the comparative investigation of catalytic activity layer-like Faujasite-type (FAU) zeolite X obtained from three different synthesis routes (additive-free route, Li2CO3 and TPOAC route) in a liquid-phase Knoevenagel condensation benzaldehyde ethyl cyanoacetate trans-α-cyanocinnamate. It shown that charge-balancing cations (Na+ K+) morphological properties have strong...

In wireless sensor networks, optimal consumptionof energy and having maximum life time are important factors. In this article attempt has been made to send the data packets with particular reliability from the beginning based on AODV protocol. In this way two new fields add to the routing packets and during routing and discovering of new routes, the lowest remained energy of nodes and route tra...