background: the petal’s hydro‑alcoholic extract of rosa damascena mill. on ileum contractions of wistar rats and its possible mechanism were investigated. methods: forty‑eight male wistar rats were divided into six groups. ileum was placed adjacent to propranolol (1 μm), naloxone (1 μm) and l‑name (100 μm) and also under the influence of different doses (2-8 mm) of calcium chloride. results: cu...

Dog rose (Rosa canina) is one of the most important flower crops in the world and has a value in ornamental, pharmaceutical and cosmetic trade. Also it was used as a root stock for other cultivars of Rose. Hence this investigation was attempted with the aim to study direct regeneration of Rosa canina. The experimental data of the present investigation was analyzed statistically by using complet...

Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin signaling and action are impaired in insulin sensitive tissues and result in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies have shown that Rosa damascena has antihyperglycemic effects on diabetic and normal rats. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of this medicinal plant on insulin sensiti...

Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation in populations and yet they remain unobservable and buried in the past. Long-lived individuals of Armillaria gallica, a common opportunistic fungal pathogen of tree roots in temperate forests of the northern hemisphere, provide a spatial context for examining the mutational dynamic. Each individual of A. gallica arises in a single mating ...

Two species of stick insects are currently known to be present in the Macaronesian archipelagos: Clonopsis gallica (Charpentier) (Phasmatodea: Bacillidae) on the Canary Islands and in the Azores and Carausius morosus (Sinéty) (Phasmatidae) in the Azores. Here, we provide the first reliable records of the presence and distribution of C. gallica and C. morosus on Madeira Island. Egg and adult sta...