The successful outcome of the endodontic therapy requires an adequate knowledge in context to anatomy of the root canal system. In most cases, the mandibular canines are thought to have just one root canal. Those presenting with an extra root and canal are usually rare, ranging from 1% to 5%. Thus, in spite of this low prevalence, variations in the anatomy and number of root canals in mandibula...

Abstract: Human maxillary first molars are usually considered as three-rooted teeth with four root canals for the presence of a second canal in the Mesio Buccal root (MB2). In addition, lateral ramifications and apical delta of the root canal system may frequently occur, increasing the probability of leaving untreated spaces after the root canal therapy. A thorough knowledge of root canal mor...

The surgical management of aortic root pathology is complicated and challenging. The dynamic structure of the root serves the purpose of being the outflow tract of the left ventricle, a conduit to coronary perfusion, and path for blood flow to the end-organs. The anatomy of the aortic root is the basis of what leads to complex problems needing surgical correction including aortic valve repair, ...

Root canal configuration is an important subject in endodontic practice and dentists should be familiar with all possible types of root canal configuration. A forty-three year old male was referred for root canal treatment of his maxillary left second molar tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Pre-operative radiographs showed a three rooted molar. However, after access cavity preparati...

Knowledge and understanding of the root canal anatomy is fundamental in achieving the successful endodontic treatment outcome. Occurrence of variations in root canal anatomy is common and frequency may vary according to population. This paper discusses a clinical report of root canal therapy in a permanent mandibular first molar and emphasizes the importance of magnification for the assessment,...

Abstract Background Suboptimal water and nutrient availability are primary constraints in global agriculture. Root anatomy plays key roles soil resource acquisition. In this article we summarize evidence that root anatomical phenotypes present opportunities for crop breeding. Scope influence acquisition by regulating the metabolic cost of exploration, exploitation rhizosphere, penetration hard ...

The complex anatomy of the root canal system takes up many configurations and variations are not uncommon. A clinician should be aware of the normal, so as to recognize these aberrations in the anatomy. Successful root canal therapy is achieved by thorough shaping and cleaning of the root canal system followed by obturation of the radicular space. The aim of the present article is to describe a...