general kind of encroachment of river is constructing a bridge on it. purpose of encroachment of river is occupation part of river and flood plain for constructing bridge. often being economical of bridge innovation affirmated that most of encroachment take place to river and flood plain, which this encroachment can be in form of embankment in flood plain of river or into the main bed of river ...

Abstract A new bridge was built in Kalix, northern Sweden, to replace an existing prestressed concrete box‐girder that had been service for over 60 years. The old a total length of 283.6 m divided into five spans: 43.9 m, 47.0 94.0 and m. It constructed using the balanced cantilever method with segments having lengths around 3.0 need replacement arose from recommendations extracted assessment b...

Once segmentation of 3D surface data of a rock pile has been performed, the next task is to determine the visibility of the surface rocks. A region boundary-following algorithm that accommodates irregularly spaced 3D coordinate data is presented for determining this visibility. We examine 3D surface segmentations of laboratory rock piles and determine which regions in the segmentation correspon...

this paper presents a new bridge management system (j-bms). it is integrated with a concrete bridge rating expert system that can be used to evaluate the serviceability of existing concrete bridges. the proposed j-bms not only evaluates the performance of bridges, but also offers a rehabilitation strategy based on a combination of maintenance cost minimization and quality maximization. in this ...

It is necessary to take into account the micro discretization of natural rock when studying its macroscopic failure behavior. This requirement has resulted in renewed and increased interest in the discrete or framework/lattice numerical modeling techniques. However, to fully construct a numerical model for practical applications using a discrete numerical model is computationally difficult with...

the national bridge stock of iran consists of about 330,000 bridges, of which around 50% are older than 30 years. since 2010, iran road maintenance & transportation organization has started implementing a comprehensive bridge management system in order to manage this aged stock efficiently. to predict future conditions of bridge stock, a heuristic numerical method is presented. this methodology...