Adolescence is a critical period for the initiation of risk-taking behaviors. We examined the longitudinal interplay between neural correlates of risk processing and cognitive control in predicting risk-taking behaviors via stress. The sample consisted of 167 adolescents (53% males) who were assessed twice (MAgeTime1 = 14.13, MAgeTime2 = 15.05). Neural risk processing was operationalized as blo...

Valuable monetary rewards can boost human performance on various effortful tasks even when the value of the rewards is presented too briefly to allow for strategic decision making. However, the mechanism by which briefly-presented reward information influences performance has remained unclear. One possibility is that performance after briefly-presented reward information is primarily boosted vi...

Background: Among adolescents, substance abuse often occurs in conjunction with risk-taking behaviors. Aims: This review explores the nature and etiology of concomitant risk-taking behaviors, addressing behavioral, genetic, temperamental, and family factors that accompany adolescent substance use. Method: A literature review was conducted to determine the breadth of factors that contribute to a...

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often assumed to be associated with increased engagement in risk-taking behaviors. The current study sought to understand the mental processes underlying this association using a theory-driven behavioral economics perspective. Psychological risk-return models suggest that risk and benefit are inherently subjective, and risk taking is best u...

Risky behavior is often at its lifetime peak in adolescence. Chronic illness creates additional opportunities for risk because nonadherence behaviors can jeopardize adolescents' health. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes could engage in risky behavior around insulin administration that would put them in danger of severe health consequences. It is possible that some nonadherence behaviors observed...

a r t i c l e i n f o Associations among the Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) using a self-report risk measure (i.e., Adolescent Risk-taking Questionnaire) and two behavioral tasks (i.e., Balloon Analog Risk task and Probability Discounting task) were examined to assess risk taking in 248 adolescents. Two dark personality traits, narcissism and psychopathy, have been s...

建設現場では労働災害防止のための様々な工学的対策や管理的対策が実施されているが，作業者がリスクを承知で不安全な行動をとるリスクテイキング行動に対してはこれらの対策で十分に防ぐことができない．そのため，作業者のリスクテイキング行動の促進要因と安全行動の促進要因を定量的に調べ，これらを基に有効な安全対策を検討する必要がある．本研究は定量的な検討のための予備調査として，ベテランの建設作業者18名を対象に，脚立作業のリスクテイキング行動についてインタビュー調査を行い，リスクテイキング行動と安全行動の促進要因を抽出した．その結果，リスクテイキング行動の促進要因は，ベテラン作業者，初心者ともに，4カテゴリー（【作業者の内的要因】，【経験的要因】，【状況的要因】，【他者の影響】）が抽出されたが，初心者のほうがベテラン作業者よりも多くのサブカテゴリーが認められた（初心者：14サブカテゴリー，ベテラン...

Perceived self-efficacy makes a difference in how people feel, think, and act (Bandura 1997). Thus, it is reasonable that self-efficacy also governs health behaviors. The role that self-beliefs play in the realm of health behaviors, health outcomes, and health care has been the object of many studies, and the construct of self-efficacy has sparked a great deal of valuable research in health psy...