OBJECTIVES To evaluate the validity and compare the performance of cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), the risk of malignancy index (RMI), and the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in patients with ovarian lesions discovered during their preoperative work-up investigations. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study ...

Adnexal masses are among the common gynecologic problems. They may be of ovarian or non-ovarian origin. Most of the adnexal masses are benign and only a small number are malignant (Mohaghegh and Rockall, 2012; Kunpalin et al., 2014). Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in women (Boyle et al., 2000). Preoperative characterization of adnexal masses and determini...

BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of ovarian tumors is challenging. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and CA125 in predicting malignant or benign nature of pelvic masses, and to investigate if three-dimensional power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound provides any added value. Ninety-six postmenopausal and four perimenopausal women wit...

BACKGROUND To evaluate factors for predicting the granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCTO) pre-operatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective designed study was conducted on 34 women with GCTO as the study group and 76 women with benign ovarian cysts as the control group. Data were recorded from the hospital database and included age, body mass index (BMI), parity, serum estradiol (E2)...

We construct a Risk Management Index (RMI) to measure the strength and independence of the risk management function at bank holding companies (BHCs). U.S. BHCs with higher RMI before the onset of the financial crisis have lower tail risk, lower non-performing loans, and better operating and stock return performance during the financial crisis years. Over the period 1995 to 2010, BHCs with a hig...