INTRODUCTION Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) is a simple and reproducible model of shock-induced gut ischemia/reperfusion, but some argue that it is not clinically relevant. The purpose of the current study was to compare SMAO to a standard model of controlled hemorrhage (CH) and uncontrolled hemorrhage (UH). METHODS Rats had femoral lines and a jejunal mucosal laser Doppler place...

Holstein bullocks were used in this study to compare the effectiveness of five commercial parenteral fluids (saline IS, Hartmann's IH, 5%-glucose 5G, Ringers IR, and 1/2 Ringer's and 2.5% glucose combination solutions RG) in correcting the disturbances associated with dehydration induced by fasting for 48 hr. These five commercial fluids (30 ml/kg) were given to bullocks with dehydration induce...

The olfactory mucosa of the frog was isolated, folded (the outer, ciliated side faced outward), and separately superfused with Ringers solution on each side. A small number of sensory cilia (one to three) were pulled into the orifice of a patch pipette and current was recorded from them. Fast bipolar current transients, indicating the generation of action potentials by the receptor cells, were ...

Background: During resuscitation trauma patients receive various intravenous fluids, which can exacerbate coagulopathy and haemorrhage further. This led to the introduction of the damage control resuscitation, which advocates minimal intravenous fluids use. However, some fluid may be required in uncontrolled haemorrhage or when blood products are not immediately available. Furthermore, question...

Previous studies indicate that Long-Evans rats can be operantly trained to discriminate inspired CO(2) concentrations as low as 0.5%. This ability has been proposed to be due to the presence of CO(2)-sensitive olfactory receptors that contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). The objectives of the present study were as follows: 1) to determine whether Zucker rats could be operantly conditione...

Purpose A prospective, randomised, masked study comparing three different intraocular infusion solutions used during vitrectomy on postoperative electroretinography (ERG) and retinal histology of rabbit eyes. Methods materials and animals Twelve rabbit eyes were used with each group of three intraocular infusion solutions: Lactated Ringers (LR), balanced salt solution (BSS) and balanced salt ...

We determined the dose-dependent effects of OC99, a novel, stabilized hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrier, on hemodynamics, systemic and pulmonary artery pressures, surrogates of tissue oxygen debt (arterial lactate 7.2 ± 0.1 mM/L and arterial base excess -17.9 ± 0.5 mM/L), and tissue oxygen tension (tPO2) in a dog model of controlled severe oxygen-debt from hemorrhagic shock. The dose/rate for OC9...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of an intravenous (IV) ephedrine bolus given simultaneously with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. DESIGN Randomized, prospective, double-blind study. SETTING Tertiary-care academic medical center. PATIENTS 40 ASA physical status I and II nonlaboring women undergoing elective cesarean delivery of term, uncomplicated, singleton pre...

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following surgical operations requiring general anesthesia are common and distressing. The incidence of PONV may be as high as 70% during the first 24 hrs of tonsillectomy. Objective: This study determines the effects of intraoperative well-hydration on postoperative nausea and vomiting. Methods: 90 ASA I patients with age of 6-12 years sche...