In this work, by replacing the traditional solid spokes with colloidal spokes, a vehicle wheel with a built-in suspension structure is proposed. Following the background and description of the wheel system, firstly, a vibration model of the wheel equipped with colloidal spokes is proposed, and based on such model the equivalent damping coefficients and spring constants are identified. Then, a m...

The Yoneda Lemma tells us that the Hom bifunctor is “non-degenerate” in a similar way. (a) For each object X ∈ C verify that hX := HomC(X,−) defines a functor C → Set. (b) Given two objects X,Y ∈ C state what it means to have hX ≈ hY as functors. (c) Given two objects X,Y ∈ C and an isomorphism of functors hX ≈ hY , prove that we have an isomorphism of objects X ≈ Y . [Hint: Let Φ : hX ∼ −→ hY ...

Bipedal robots are diicult to analyze mathematically. However, successful control strategies can be discovered using simple physical intuition and can be described in simple terms. Five things have to happen for a planar bipedal robot to walk. Height has to be stabilized. Pitch has to be stabilized. Speed has to be stabilized. The swing leg has to move so that the feet are in locations which al...

This article describes a mechanical vertical attenuation system capable to provide large attenuation factors above 1Hz. This system is derived from, and improves, the passive Geometric Anti-Spring seismic attenuation filters minimizing their vertical resonant frequency by means of a tunable electromagnetic spring mounted in parallel with the main spring. The tunable spring is also used to compe...

Dissolved concentrations of four forms of arsenic: arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsenic, and dimethylarsenic, were measured in the Patuxent River Estuary near Benedict, Maryland, over two annual cycles. In each year, total arsenic concentrations peaked in the summer, in lateJuly and August, while minimum concentrations occurred in winter. Except in late winter, arsenate was a predominant form ...

Identifying the authorship either of an anonymous or a doubtful document constitutes a cornerstone for automatic forensic applications. Moreover, it is a challenging task for both humans and computers. Clustering documents according to the linguistic style of the authors who wrote them has been a task little studied by the research community. In order to address this problem, PAN Evaluation Fra...

Groups of the Guatemalan black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in a fragmented northern Guatemalan cloud forest in the Sierra Yalijux were analyzed for group composition and size using an ornithological census technique. Audio and visual records were combined to estimate each group’s home range size. The 361 observations in 2002 estimated 50 individuals in seven groups. Two home range classes we...

This paper shows that an integrable approximation of the spring pendulum, when tuned to be in 1 : 1 : 2 resonance, has monodromy. The stepwise precession angle of the swing plane of the resonant spring pendulum is shown to be a rotation number of the integrable approximation. Due to the monodromy, this rotation number is not a globally defined function of the integrals. In fact at lowest order ...

The facility layout problem is concerned with finding the most efficient arrangement of a given number of departments with unequal area requirements within a facility. The facility layout problem is a hard problem, and therefore, exact solution methods are only feasible for small or greatly restricted problems. In this paper, we propose a spring-embedding approach that unlike previous approache...