BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acquired antimicrobial resistance is commonly attributed to regimens that expose bacteria to subinhibitory concentrations; consequently, eradication of susceptible cells is advocated. The mutant selection window hypothesis predicts that resistance can be acquired even when inhibitory concentrations are exceeded and susceptible bacteria are eradicated. The objective was...

A strain of Bacteroides fragilis with high-level chromosomal resistance to rifampicin was isolated by blood culture from a patient with bacteraemia after gastrointestinal surgery. He had been receiving antituberculous therapy with rifampicin for nine months. This resistance led to some difficulty in the recognition and identification of the isolate by methods that depended upon antibiotic sensi...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Due to emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is a need to have accurate and rapid methods for detection of drug resistance to important drugs like rifampicin. The present study was aimed at evaluation of a commercially available INNO-LiPA assay, for the detection of mutation in rpoB gene region of M. tuberculosis and correlate these mutations ...

BACKGROUND The use of antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) for the prevention of CVC microbial colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains controversial. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CRBSI and colonization of CVCs impregnated with rifampicin-based antimicrobial combinations. Our main ana...

Kazakhstan is one of the 14 countries with a high rate of morbidity due to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in WHO European region. The aim of our study was to characterize mutations associated with drug resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Kazakhstan. M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from TB patients in different regions of Kazakhstan...

Also there is some concern about efficacy of rifampicin as single drug prophylaxis in contacts where the source is proved to be excreting INH resistant bacilli. A case of probable rifampicin failure in such situation is described(3) and hence recommendation for chemophophylaxis of confirmed INH resistance vary from rimampicin alone or rifampicin with ethambutol; both regimens for 9 months(4). I...

OBJECTIVES Successful therapy of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains has been reported with colistin, but recently we argued against its use as monotherapy because of the poor results obtained in a mouse pneumonia model. Our aim was to identify antibiotic combinations that were valid therapeutic alternatives in the same model. METHODS We used two carbapenem-resistant A. bauma...

Background. TB is a global pandemic disease. All TB control programs were not successful due to the emergence of multidrug resistance in M. tuberculosis strains. Objective of the present study was to detect the rate of MDR-MTB in this part of India. Methods. One hundred and thirty clinical MTB strains isolated from patients on treatment and confirmed as MTB by MPT64 antigen detection were teste...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of treatment failure. It is anticipated that early identification of MDR-TB and appropriate treatment will improve patient outcome and disease control. We evaluated the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in previously treated TB patients, directly from acidfast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputu...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of penicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin on the mutation rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS The mutation rate to rifampicin and optochin resistance was estimated using fluctuation analysis in three capsulated S. pneumoniae strains, cultured both with and without different subinhibitory antibi...