BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective study was to document the clinical findings and radiological features of idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome with retro-orbital involvement. METHODS We searched for ophthalmological patients who received orbital imaging at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between October 2003 and April 2010. Seventy-three patients were diagnosed with idiopath...

During the retention interval of a working memory task, presenting a retro-cue directs attention to 1 of the items in working memory. Testing the cued item leads to faster and more accurate responses. We contrasted 5 explanations of this benefit: (a) removal of noncued items, (b) strengthening of the cued item, (c) protection from probe interference, (d) protection from degradation, and (e) pri...

Introduction: Transnasal endoscopic approach is well established in the management of subperiosteal abscess but retro-orbital abscess is commonly treated by external surgical approach. There are only two articles published on endoscopic drainage of retro-orbital abscess. We present our experience in the management of retro-orbital abscesses by transnasal endoscopic surgery. Methods: Retrospecti...

        Ewing's sarcoma is a relatively common malignant bone tumor that typically occurs in long bone diaphyses of adolescents and young adults of 10-30 years old. Often times, all Ewing's sarcoma of bone have radiographic abnormalities. Diagnosis is usually delayed and can be misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis. Bone to bone metastasis occurs, but soft tissue retro bulbar metastas...

INTRODUCTION Retro-rectal cystic hamartoma (tailgut cyst) is a rare congenital developmental lesion arising from post-natal primitive gut remnants in the retro-rectal space. The rarity of the lesion and its anatomical position usually leads to difficulty in diagnosis and surgical management. Complete surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment. A dozen or so surgical approaches have...

PURPOSE To evaluate the validity of the novel and noninvasive retro-mode imaging modality of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) for detecting the morphological features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). DESIGN Prospective, observational, consecutive case series. METHODS Twenty-six patients (29 eyes) with PCV were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent comprehens...

Objective. To evaluate both results and complications of Retro-pubic, Pre-pubic and Trans-obturator miniinvasive anti-incontinence surgical procedures. Material and methods. Search of PubMed, Cochrane library and relevant articles from 1996 to 2012. Results. Seventy-four works were found. Literature showed similar cure rates among retro-pubic (71,4-91%), transobturator (77,3-95%) and pre-pubic ...

Numerous experiments have been conducted in recent years on anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect (Bem, 2010), yet more data are needed to understand these processes precisely. For this purpose, we carried out an initial retro-priming study in which the response times of 162 participants were measured (Rabeyron and Watt, 2010). In the current paper, we present the results of ...

Natural selective processes have been known to drive phenotypic plasticity, which is the emergence of different phenotypes from one genome following environmental stimulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been observed to modulate transcriptional and epigenetic states of genes in human cells. We surmised that lncRNAs are governors of phenotypic plasticity and drive natural selective proc...