10 The refractile (R) bodies found in Caedibacter taeniospiralis, a bacterial endosymbiont of Paramecium 11 tetraurelia, are large, polymeric protein structures that can switch between two conformations. At 12 cytoplasmic pH, they resemble coiled ribbons of protein 500nm in diameter. At low pH, they extend to 13 form hollow needles up to 20 microns long. They can be expressed heterologously fro...

This paper is about distributed scheduling where individual agents have potentially conflicting interests. It is motivated by BT’s workforce scheduling problem, where multiple service providers have to serve multiple service buyers. The service providers and buyers all attempt to maximize their own utility. The overall problem is a multi-objective optimization problem; for example, one has to m...

As a solution to maintain, process and enrich knowledge in the multimedia description framework we are constructing, we propose a forward chaining knowledge base and reasoning engine, supporting RDF documents and OWL Lite ontologies, with the ability to perform non-monotonic, retractable inference. Within our framework, the knowledge over the media collection can be collected in several ways. A...

A homomorphism of an automaton A without outputs onto a subau-tomaton B of A is called a retract homomorphism if it leaves the elements of B fixed. An automaton A is called a retractable automaton if, for every subautomaton B of A, there is a retract homomorphism of A onto B. In [1] and [3], special retractable automata are examined. The purpose of this paper is to give a construction for state...

Among implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients, there are patients with recurrent episodes of electrical storm (ES), retractable to the optimal antiarrhythmic drug therapy or invasive ablation procedures. A relatively novel anti-ischemic drug with also antiarrhythmic properties, ranolazine, may effectively suppress ventricular arrhythmias in such patients for a long period of time.

This is a survey on the usage of the module theoretic notion of a “retractable module" in the study of algebras with actions. We explain how classical results can be interpreted using module theory and end the paper with some open questions.