Dementia pugilistica (DP) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions. The condition is thought to affect around 15% to 20% of professional boxers and caused by repeated concussive or subconcussive blows. CTE was in the past referred to as dementia p...

BACKGROUND Depression, a disabling mental disorder, adversely affects work, sleeping and eating habits, and family. Research does not exist on depression among athletes who have recently graduated from college and retired from their sport after exhausting their collegiate eligibility. HYPOTHESIS Changes in lifestyle and loss of personal identity, which follow college athletics, would put form...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms related to mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, adverse alcohol behaviour, adverse smoking behaviour, adverse nutrition behaviour) among retired professional footballers, and to explore their associations with stressors i.e. determinants such as severe injury, surgery, life events and...

objective: reviewing memories in a verbal or non-verbal ways is a type of interpersonal communication that elderlies or patients with cognitive disorders by expressing their feelings find an opportunity for social and professional interactions. the purpose of this study is analyzing the effectiveness of treatment techniques of life revision on cognitive status of retired men in tehran.   method...

OBJECTIVE Cerebral concussion is common in collision sports such as football, yet the chronic neurological effects of recurrent concussion are not well understood. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between previous head injury and the likelihood of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease in a unique group of retired professional football play...

PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between prior head injury and the likelihood of being diagnosed with clinical depression among retired professional football players with prior head injury exposure. METHODS A general health questionnaire, including information about prior injuries, the SF-36 (Short Form 36), and other markers for depression, was completed by...

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of two different achievement sport contexts, practice and competition, on the motivational profile of professional/semi-professional athletes. Forty-eight Spanish national/international-level female athletes (basketball = 18; handball = 12; soccer = 11; volleyball = 7), mean age 25.14 ± 3.43 years, agreed to participate in the study. They complet...

Background: As a component of the sports industry, professional athletes are always faced with challenges, including injury, performance loss, etc. To overcome these problems, many famous athletes have turned to build their brands, as it enables them to create and maintain a market of customers and fans. Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the Grounded theory approach to design a m...