In 2012, a novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease in humans emerged in the Middle East. Epidemiologic investigations identified dromedary camels as the likely source of zoonotic transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here we provide experimental support for camels as a reservoir for MERS-CoV. We inoculated 3 adult camels with a human isola...

The emergence of new respiratory viruses including: the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; the coronavirus in 2003 (SARS-CoV); influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, in the human population in the past ten years; the emergence of a new coronavirus identified in a patient presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome who travelled to Saudi Arabia (June, 2012), denominated as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (ME...

Viruses account for the majority of the acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) globally with a mortality exceeding 4 million deaths per year. The most commonly encountered viruses, in order of frequency, include influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and adenovirus. Current evidence suggests that the major mode of transmission of ARls is through large droplets, but transmissio...

UNLABELLED Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the first highly pathogenic human coronavirus to emerge since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. Like many coronaviruses, MERS-CoV carries genes that encode multiple accessory proteins that are not required for replication of the genome but are likely involved in pathogenesis. Evasion of host in...

Note from the editors: A new virus bringing back memories from the past Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction Novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease: Case definition and public health measures I-MOVE: a European network to measure the effectiveness of influenza vaccines Survey of delivery of prophylactic immunogl...

The 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can functionally replace its counterpart in the prototype group 2 coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). By contrast, the 3' UTRs of representative group 1 or group 3 coronaviruses cannot operate as substitutes for the MHV 3' UTR.

A human coronavirus, called the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was first identified in September 2012 in samples obtained from a Saudi Arabian businessman who died from acute respiratory failure. Since then, 49 cases of infections caused by MERS-CoV (previously called a novel coronavirus) with 26 deaths have been reported to date. In this report, we describe a family c...

Coronaviruses can cause respiratory and enteric disease in a wide variety of human and animal hosts. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) first demonstrated the potentially lethal consequences of zoonotic coronavirus infections in humans. In 2012, a similar previously unknown coronavirus emerged, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), thus far causing ...

The canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) K37 strain of the family Coronaviridae, group 2, was isolated in South Korea. Its genome was analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and was determined to have 31,029 bp. The small open reading frames situated between the spike and envelope genes of most of the CRCoV strains (except the CRCoV 4180 strain) were found to encode three nonstructural proteins (4....

In 2003, Hong Kong experienced an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and incurred huge economic and social losses. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation of organs from deceased SARS patients revealed that the virus was not only in the lungs and intestines, but also in the liver, distal convoluted renal tubules, sweat glands, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, pancre...