background ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) develops in mechanically ventilated patients 48 hours after putting the patients on the ventilator. vap is the second most common nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). objectives the current study was conducted to determine the rate, microbiological characteristics and outcome of vap in neonates admitted in the nicu of sho...

Based on the enclosed chamber method, soil respiration measurements of Leymus chinensis populations with four planting densities (30, 60, 90 and 120 plants/0.25 m) and blank control were made from July 31 to November 24, 2003. In terms of soil respiration rates of L. chinensis populations with four planting densities and their corresponding root biomass, linear regressive equations between soil...

Leaf respiration is an important component of carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems, and estimates of leaf respiration directly affect the accuracy of ecosystem carbon budgets. Leaf respiration is inhibited by light; therefore, gross primary production (GPP) will be overestimated if the reduction in leaf respiration by light is ignored. However, few studies have quantified GPP overestimatio...

Cells isolated from the hepatopancreas of the land snail Helix aspersa strongly depress respiration both immediately in response to lowered P(O2) (oxygen conformation) and, in the longer term, during aestivation. These phenomena were analysed by dividing cellular respiration into non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial respiration using the mitochondrial poisons myxothiazol, antimycin and azide. No...

Despite decades of research, how climate warming alters the global flux of soil respiration is still poorly characterized. Here, we use meta-analysis to synthesize 202 soil respiration datasets from 50 ecosystem warming experiments across multiple terrestrial ecosystems. We found that, on average, warming by 2 °C increased soil respiration by 12% during the early warming years, but warming-indu...