A skeletal muscle fiber that is stimulated to contract and then stretched from L₁ to L₂ produces more force after the initial transient decays than if it is stimulated at L₂. This behavior has been well studied experimentally, and is known as residual force enhancement. The underlying mechanism remains controversial. We hypothesized that residual force enhancement could reflect mechanical inter...

In contrast to isometric and shortening contractions, many observations made on actively lengthening muscles cannot be readily explained with the sliding filament and cross-bridge theory. Specifically, residual force enhancement, the persistent increase in force following active muscle lengthening, beyond what one would expect based on muscle length, has not been explained satisfactorily. Here,...

ABSTRACT This study aims to establish a methodology for determining the residual contact stress developed during fabrication of nonconductive adhesive (NCA) bonded flip-chip-on-flex (FCOF) microelectronics systems. The method is demonstrated for a selected non-conductive adhesive. Fabrication of an NCA bonded FCOF system requires a compressive force large enough to compensate for the inherent c...

Starting from an GMRES error estimate proposed by Elman in terms of the ratio of the smallest eigenvalue of the hermitian part and the norm of some non-symmetric matrix, we propose some asymptotically tighter bound in terms of the same ratio. Here we make use of a recent deep result of Crouzeix et al. on the norm of functions of matrices.

Compared to pure isometric contractions, isometric muscle force at a given length is larger when the eccentric contraction is conducted before the isometric contraction. This phenomenon is widely known as residual force enhancement, and has been confirmed consistently in isolated muscle experiments. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether residual force enhancement also occurs in human...