Health-based guideline values for the indoor environment Exposure to chemicals, biological agents and physical factors, such as noise and radiation, can be harmful to human health. Health-based guidelines for indoor environments establish the tolerance levels of residential dwellers to these environmental stressors. The primary aim of the guidelines is to enable meaningful assessment of the ind...

Cities contain clusters of jobs and people. These clusters or groups lead to the formation of districts. In the case of firms, transactions costs and networks facilitate spatial concentration; in the case of people, chain migration and social networks reinforce group propinquity. Together, these clusters come to form the socioeconomic fabric of metropolitan areas. The end result is a city made ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about how diet-related and activity-related amenities relate to residential location behaviour. Understanding these relationships is essential for addressing residential self-selection bias. METHODS Using 25 years (6 examinations) of data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n=11 013 observations) and linked neighbourhood-level d...

Having higher education has become increasingly common among both males and females in Europe and in the US. In 2006 one quarter of the population received a degree in higher education in the Netherlands, while years earlier this was only one fifth. Another important trend is the increase of the labour force participation of women. As a result, the number of double-income households increased c...

This article discusses the implications for health research of Canada Post's transition from door-to-door postal delivery to community mailboxes. We argue that using postal code data to geocode participants based on community mailboxes will result in positional and linkage errors. Positional errors involve misplacing people's residential location. Linkage errors result from incorrectly linking ...

Residential land-use expansion, an important component of urban sprawl, has a variety of drivers and environmental implications. The goal of this article is to address the timing, location, and mechanisms of different types of residential development. Using 10 land-parcel data and aerial imagery taken between 1950 and 2000 for eight townships in southeastern Michigan, we sampled and classified ...