Background: An estimated six percent of adult males are thought to be infertile. The opioid peptides, in particular enkephalins, are implicated in pain perception, in response to stress, and in reinforcement. Many studies have been performed on morphine and its deleterious effects on different parts of the body and reproductive system of animals and human. Soybean, widely used in animal and hum...

The routine monitoring of the efficiency of reproductive programs is necessary in large-scale dairy herds in the 21 century. The importance of the economic evaluation of these programs is increasing, as well, since many thousands of euros are spent on reproductive management on a farm. However, different interpretations of reproductive indices cause difficulties among professionals when compari...

background: there is growing concern that occupational, environmental and lifestyle factors adversely affect male reproductive health. fumaria parviflora lam. is being used traditionally in persian folk medicine to cure various ailments and has been supposed to have fertility-enhancing properties. objective: a dose-response study was designed to assess effects of f. parviflora ethanolic leaves ...

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects up to a third of the world’s population. Toxoplasmosis is one of the classical conditions known to have a profound adverse effect on human reproductive functions, but a few investigations on male reproductive parameters were done. The aim of this investigation is Study on the effects of Toxoplasma gondii on reproductive paramete...

background: antibiotic therapies used in treatment of many diseases have adverse effects on fertility. this review analyzes previous comparative studies that surveyed the effects of two common groups of antibiotics on male fertility. objective: to evaluate histo-pathological effects of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on sperm parameters and male reproductive tissue. materials and methods: ...