We consider the problem of constructing fast and small binary adder circuits. Among widely-used adders, the Kogge-Stone adder is often considered the fastest, because it computes the carry bits for two n-bit numbers (where n is a power of two) with a depth of 2 log2 n logic gates, size 4n log2 n, and all fan-outs bounded by two. Fan-outs of more than two are avoided, because they lead to the in...

abstract As devices and lines shrink into the deep submicron range, the propagation delay of signals can be eeectively improved by repowering the signals using intermediate buuers placed within the routing trees. Almost no existing timing driven oorplan-ning and placement approaches consider the option of buuer insertion. As such, they may exclude solutions, particularly early in the design pro...

The installation of wind power technology is growing steadily and the trend can be expected to continue if objectives proposed by European Commission are achieved. In some countries a considerable percentage installed capacity near end its useful lifetime. case Spain, figure 50% within five years. Over last 20 years, energy has evolved considerably factor improved, thus increasing annual produc...

Abstract We consider an operator of machinery with deteriorating efficiency, facing the problem optimally timing either a minor (maintenance) investment or major (replacement) under price uncertainty. If maintenance is chosen, efficiency will deteriorate more slowly, and replacing later still possible. The optimal decision rule expressed in form thresholds for long-run prices, indicating that i...

In this paper, design strategies for improving electrical efficiency, thermal and fuel utilization of an ammonia-fed SOFC are investigated. Three presented to improve system performances: (i) the introduction additional stack distribute power i.e. rating, (ii) evaluation anode off gasses recirculation (iii) use operate a cascade (re-powering), where flue gas is recuperated. A that integrates th...

Windmill structures must withstand very high horizontal loading giving an extremely large overturning moment on the foundation. These structures have very low stability loads in comparison to the overturning loads. The traditional way to solve the construction problem uses a shallow foundation with a massive concrete volume or a piled foundation to resist the extreme overturning moment. This wo...

Pakistan is an energy deficient country with depleting reserves and increasing demand. Due to excessive population growth, the domestic commercial sectors are experiencing rising To meet requisite demand, renewables favored rather than conventional counterparts. In this study, we model hybrid power systems using solar, wind biomass resources for electrifying remote areas. The four locations cho...

Most rural electrical loads are Single Wire Earth return (SWER), mainly for budgetary reasons. However, many consumers do not have their needs fully met due to the SWER limited supply capacity and its inability connect three-phase motors.. The solution planned benefit these properties is through repowering of network. present work sought compare distribution network projects from an economic pe...