A framework was developed for preliminary evaluation of the relative media replacement costs of three alternative column configurations used for adsorption systems with two vessels, such as those serving small systems. The media replacement cost is the cost of fresh media and the replacement service cost (including transportation, labor, and other non-material costs). Cost normalization methods...

Unexpected system failures pose significant problems in power industry and most manufacturing companies. In some cases, a critical component failure can incur catastrophic events and huge economic loss. To maintain machines at high level of reliability, some companies perform time-based preventive maintenance or age-based preventive maintenance to avoid sudden failure of machines. Usually, prev...

Surveys found that large contractors replace approximately 10% of their equipment fleet units annually in North America. Cost minimization model is a commonly accepted method for equipment replacement which helps to identify these equipment units whose total owning and operating cost reaches their minimum point as candidates for replacement. While the model is conceptually clear with the aim of...

The objective of present study was to derive the economic values for number of inseminations to conception, calving interval, milk yield and stillbirth, using economic data of 10 Iranian Holstein herds. The economic values were derived by using the profit function methods and differentiating a profit equation with respect to the traits of interest. The cow fertility costs herd amortization or r...

Cache replacement algorithms originally developed in the context of simple uniprocessor systems are aimed at reducing the aggregate miss count. However, in modern systems, cache misses have different costs. The cost may be latency, penalty, power consumption, bandwidth consumption, or any other ad-hoc property attached to a miss. Thus, in many practical cases, it is desirable to inject the cost...

Fuzzy set has been applied in many real applications to handle uncertainty. The aim of the paper is to study the replacement problem with uncertainty. This problem involves capital cost, scrap value or salvage value, maintenance cost or operating cost, and rate of interest having an imprecise value. Here, we assume the imprecise values as positive trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Moreover, we conside...