BACKGROUND Animal studies indicate that some phthalate metabolites may harm female reproductive function. OBJECTIVES We assessed the associations between exposure to phthalate metabolites and pregnancy loss. METHODS Using a previously established cohort of couples planning their first pregnancy, we analyzed four primary and two oxidized secondary phthalate metabolites in urine samples colle...

Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common occurrence, with approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies resulting in pregnancy failure. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been inconsistently defined. When defined as 3 consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks from the last menstrual period, it affects approximately 1% to 2% of women. This review highlights the curre...

The task force of the Korean Society for Reproductive Immunology recommends intravenous immunoglobulin G treatment in women with reproductive failure, including recurrent pregnancy loss and/or repeated implantation failure, who show cellular immune factors such as abnormal natural killer cell levels, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and/or type 1 T helper immunity.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of repeated pregnancy among adolescents and identify associated factors and perinatal outcomes. A sample of 1,986 post-partum adolescents was selected from public hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To verify the hypothesis of homogeneity of proportions, chi-square tests (χ²) were used. Odds ratios and correspondent confidence int...

The majority of miscarriages are sporadic and most result from genetic causes that are greatly influenced by maternal age. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined by two or more failed clinical pregnancies, and up to 50% of cases of RPL will not have a clearly defined etiology.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation, which occurs in approximately 5% of reproductive-aged women. It has been suggested that women with thrombophilia have an increased risk of pregnancy loss and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thrombophilia is an important predisposition to blood clot formation and is cons...

Zusammenfassung 1 bis 3 % aller Paare im fortpflanzungsfähigen Alter erleiden einen wiederholten Spontanabort (WSA). Es werden viele ursächliche Faktoren diskutiert, doch bleibt die Ursache in einem erheblichen Teil der Fälle ungeklärt. Die wissenschaftliche Datenlage hinsichtlich Diagnose- und Behandlungsstrategien ist nach wie vor unzureichend, was für oftmals eine psychische Belastung Ärztin...

Background: Pregnancy loss is a common phenomenon. Most of the pregnancy losses which happen in the first and second trimesters are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Repeated pregnancy loss is an extremely stressful condition for both the partners and physicians because it is difficult to find a reason behind it. Materials and Methods: Cytogenetic analysis was performed according to standard...