This paper examines the dynamic relationship between income, energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia using time-series data during 1975 to 2011. This study also attempts to validate the environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) hypothesis. Applying a multivariate model of income, energy consumption in the transportation sector, carbon emissions, structural change in the economy and ren...

abstract the aim of this survey is to compare utilization systems (cooperative, private and governmental) methods of energy consumption in soybean production and the evaluation of energy inputs effect in yield of soybean in moghan. for this purpose, the information were collected from 54 private farmers, 14 cooperative members farmers and 14 agro-industry units by questionnaire method. the maxi...

abstract the aim of this study was to determine the input–output energy consumption in different levels of tomato production. the data used in the study were obtained from 140 tomato growers in different villages of marand township by using a face to face questionnaire. the results showed that the amount of energy consumed in tomato production was 65.2 gjha-1 which about 51% of this was generat...

The electric grid is radically evolving into the smart grid, which is characterized by improved energy efficiency of available resources. The smart grid permits interactions among its computational and physical elements thanks to the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ICTs provide energy management algorithms and allow renewable energy integration and energy price...

The explosive wireless data service requirement accompanied with carbon dioxide emission and consumption of traditional energy has put pressure on both industry and academia. Wireless networks powered with the uneven and intermittent generated renewable energy have been widely researched and lead to a new research paradigm called green communication. In this paper, we comprehensively consider t...

Energy is crucial to economic progress, but the contemporary worldwide population increase that demands greater energy generated from conventional exhaustible resources, an energy price upsurge, and environmental concerns, imperils sustainable economic growth. Nevertheless, switching to renewable energy produced from naturally replenished resources promotes energy security, likewise addressing ...

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network resea...

Due to low energy price, economic optimization of consumption has no justification for users in Iran. Nowadays, the issue of ending fossil fuels, production of greenhouse gases and the main role of building in consumption of considerable amount of energy has drawn the focus of global researches to a new concept called net zero energy building. In this study, modeling, simulation and energy anal...

introduction energy is one of the most important commodities that make up a large proportion of international trade. among all the countries in the world, iran is known as semi-industrial developing country which is rich in energy such as non-renewable energy in particular fossil fuel. use of energy affects the environment in various forms of pollution. in the agricultural sector, the fao repor...

with the increasing world population and limitations on arable land, increasing the yield per unit is one of alternatives human food supply. greenhouse cultivation as one ways of increase the performance can arrive this purpose. but the energy restriction of another human challenges, so that increase the performance without considering energy consumption almost appears to be meaningless. due to...