BACKGROUND p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS), a recently identified anionic uremic toxin, is the main circulating metabolite of p-cresol. In cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), it might be associated with cardiovascular outcomes and the progression of CKD. However, the renal excretion pathway of PCS is currently unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine whether organic anion transpor...

OBJECTIVE Since the approval of mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) for routine clinical use, reports have appeared about hepatobiliary excretion deleteriously affecting available diagnostic and quantitative information. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gallbladder (GB) uptake of MAG3 in the clinical setting and its effect on the evaluation of relative renal function and imaging. METHODS...

To clarify which process in renal secretion is responsible for the stereoselective renal secretion of organic anions, the renal handling of enantiomers of 5-monomethylsulfamoyl-6,7-dichloro-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (MBCA) was studied by the multiple-indicator dilution method, using isolated perfused rat kidney. After bolus injection of (R)-(+)-[14C]MBCA or (S)-(-)-[14C]MBCA into...

Benzbromarone has been reported to increase the renal clearance of oxypurinol, an active metabolite of allopurinol. We examined the renal transport of oxypurinol to determine whether such a change in renal clearance could be explained by altered transporter-mediated reabsorption. Since the first step of reabsorption takes place at the renal epithelial apical membrane, we focused on membrane tra...

Aminoglycosides are antibiotics commonly used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, their use is hampered by their severe nephrotoxicity due to accumulation in renal proximal tubules. Several pathways have been implicated in the renal uptake of aminoglycosides including megalin, an endocytic receptor in proximal tubular cells. Here, we have used mouse models wit...

The renal defects resulting in a Fanconi syndrome were seen in eight Basenji dogs by measuring renal clearance and in vitro amino acid and sugar uptake and performing histopathologic evaluations. Renal tubular handling of glucose, phosphate, sodium, potassium, uric acid, and amino acids was abnormal, and in vitro uptake of labeled lysine, glycine, and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside by renal cortical ...

UNLABELLED In most types of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, the maximum activity dose that can be administered is limited by high and persistent renal retention of the radiolabeled peptides, which is, at least partly, mediated by the megalin receptor. Several agents that interfere with renal reabsorption of radiolabeled peptides have been identified (e.g., lysine, arginine, succinylated ...

The net renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in the post absorptive state was evaluated in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency by measuring renal uptake and release, and urinary excretion of free amino acids and ammonia. In normal subjects the kidney extracts glutamine, proline, citrulline, and phenylalanine and releases serine, arginine, ...

The usefulness and efficacy of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, are limited by its toxicity to normal tissues and organs, including the kidneys. The uptake of cisplatin in renal tubular cells is high, leading to cisplatin accumulation and tubular cell injury and death, culminating in acute renal failure. While extensive investigations have been focused on the signaling pathways of cisplatin ...