We are at least as dream deprived as we are sleep deprived. Many of the health concerns attributed to sleep loss result from a silent epidemic of REM sleep deprivation. REM/dream loss is an unrecognized public health hazard that silently wreaks havoc with our lives, contributing to illness, depression, and an erosion of consciousness. This paper compiles data about the causes and extent of REM/...

background and objective: Hypocretins (orexins) are recently discovered neuropeptides that are produced in a very restricted area of the lateral hypothalamus. These peptides were originally associated with feeding behavior, but have come to be viewed as essential in causing narcolepsy and regulating sleep. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder associated with REM sleep abnormalities, and it is likely ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Aim of the present study was to assess changes in arousal rates after selective slow-wave (SWS) and total sleep deprivations. DESIGN Two-way mixed design comparing the arousal index (Al), as expressed by the number of EEG arousals divided by sleep duration, in totally or selectively sleep deprived subjects. SETTING Sleep laboratory. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Nineteen norma...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dysregulation is a symptom of many neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the mechanisms of REM sleep homeostatic regulation are not fully understood. We have shown that, after REM sleep deprivation, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) plays a critical role in the generation of recovery REM sleep. In this study, we used multidisciplinary techniques to show a cau...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep loss is associated with increased consumption of weight-promoting foods. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to mediate reward anticipation. However, the precise role of the PFC in mediating reward responses to highly palatable foods (HPF) after REM sleep deprivation is unclear. We selectively reduced REM sleep in mice over a 25-48 hr period and chemogeneticall...

The daily timing of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reflects an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) and a homeostatic process that induces compensatory REM sleep in response to REM sleep loss. Whether the circadian variation in REM sleep propensity is caused by active promotion, inhibition, or passive gating of REM sleep ho...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) interruption and sleep recovery on mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity in healthy adults. Nine healthy male volunteers (age 26--43 years) were randomly assigned in this double blind and crossover study to undergo either REM sleep or SWS interruption. Pe...

The effects of sleep deprivation were studied on the occurrence of spike-wave discharges in the electroencephalogram of rats of the epileptic WAG/Rij strain, a model for absence epilepsy. This was done before, during and after a period of 12 hours of near total sleep deprivation. A substantial increase in the number of spike-wave discharges was found during the first 4 hours of the deprivation ...

Non-REM sleep deprivation and REM sleep deprivation both lead to specific rebounds, suggesting that these states fulfil physiological needs. In view of impaired performance after sleep deprivation, a recovery function of sleep seems likely. The timing of this recovery is restricted to a narrow time interval within the 24 hour day, i.e. the night. Generally, nocturnal sleep in humans is consider...

167 THE SUBGRANULAR CELL LAYER IN THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG) OF THE ADULT HIPPOCAMPUS CONTAINS PROGENITOR CELLS, WHICH HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO proliferate and differentiate into neurons. These progenitors mature locally into granule cells of the DG, sending axonal projections to area CA3 and dendrites into the molecular layer.1.2 Adult neurogenesis has been demonstrated in birds and several mammals, ...