This paper presents the effects of instrument transformers connection points on the measured impedance by distance relays in the presence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices with series connected branch. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions, pre-fault operational conditions, and especially the ground ...

It is shown, how to create the continuous system equivalent to the system with sliding mode control. In the case of minimum phase plants, the system arises from the replacement of the relay with small hysteresis by the amplifier with high gain, connected in series with saturation having appropriate parameters. In the case of nonminimum phase (or other difficult plants) it is noted that similar ...

in this paper, an interval approach is presented to achieve perfect selectivity and maximum sensitivity in distance relay zones, considering uncertainties. for this purpose, first, the uncertainties affecting the settings of the three zones of a distance relay are discussed. then, by using the monte-carlo simulation, the uncertainties are modelled and the impedances seen by the distance relay a...

Elevator is an important transport medium in multi-storage building. With the development of better architecture technology, buildings are raising in height. Hence an elevator becomes an important medium of vertical transportation. There are several advantages of an elevator in the modern world. Hence more importance is given to the design of an elevator control system, which is easy for the ma...

In this paper two-way relaying networks are considered using physical-layer network coding in a two-phase protocol. In the multiple access phase, both sources transmit their messages to the relay simultaneously. Subsequently, the relay estimates and broadcasts the XOR-based network coded message back to the sources in the broadcast phase. We concentrate on the critical multiple access phase, wh...

It is well known that IEEE 802.11 provides a physical layer multi-rate capability. In this paper, we propose a novel MAC layer relay-enabled point coordination function (PCF) protocol, called rPCF, to exploit this capability. With multiple data rates in response to different channel conditions, if the direct link has low data rate, data packets may be delivered faster through a relay node. To e...

In this paper, our objective is maximizing total sum-rate subject to power constraints on total relay transmit power or individual relay powers, for amplify-and-forward single-antenna relay-based wireless communication networks. We derive a closed-form solution for the total power constraint optimization problem and show that the individual relay power constraints optimization problem is a quad...