The main aim of the present study is to achieve optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) plane moment frames using bat algorithm (BA) which is a newly developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm based on the echolocation behaviour of bats. The objective function is the total cost of the frame and the design constraints are checked during the optimization process based on ACI 318-08 code. ...

Reinforced concrete horizontally curved beams are extensively used in many fields, such as in the construction of modern highway intersections, elevated freeways, the rounded corners of buildings, circular balconies,....etc. In some of these cases, large depths are needed for curved beams in order to resist high loads or to fulfill some aesthetic purposes. The analytical analysis of such member...

Considering economical reasons and attempting to reduce carbon foot print of concrete structures, there is increasing tendency toward use of high strength reinforcement in seismically active regions. ACI 318-19, Iranian steel rebars standard INSO 3132 and next edition of Iranian national building allow the use of high strength rebars in elements of ductile force resisting systems. Therefore it ...

Large changes in stiffness associated with cracking and yielding of reinforced concrete sections may be expected to occur during the dynamic response of reinforced concrete frames to earthquake ground shaking. These changes in stiffness in stories that experience cracking might be expected to cause relatively large peak interstory drift ratios. If so, accounting for such changes would add compl...

This paper describes an experimental program that deals with retrofitting of infill un-reinforced masonry walls (URM) with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). The primary objective of this research is to develop a retrofit strategy that while economical will minimize the influence of the retrofit on the overall performance of structural frames in predominant seismic regions. Allowing some damage to...