Nowadays, it is necessary to apply modern techniques for the design of road networks, especially roads passing through ecosystems such as forests, in order to reduce operating costs, prevent further degradation of the environment, increase road efficiency and achieve sustainable development goals. In this paper, a new way of designing the road is presented. New design method has the ability to ...

in order to evaluate the effects of forest road on regeneration and vegetation composition in district no. 2 shafaroud, a road was selected with the length of 400 m that the altitude, aspect, slope variations and species composition were similar. five transects in right and 5 transects in left side of road, were established as perpendicular. in each transect 5, 15, 25 and 35 m distances were de...

GPS traces can track actual time and coordinates of regular vehicles going their own business, and it is easy to scale to the entire area with an accuracy of 6 to 10 meters in normal condition. As a result, extracting road map from GPS traces could be an alternative way to traditional way of road map generation. The basic idea of this paper is to describe a process which incrementally improves ...

Annually, more than 1 million people were killed in road traffic accidents worldwide every year and an uncounted number were severe injured. In 2012 fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents are under the top ten lists of causes of death in the world. It´s expected that in the near future road traffic accidents become one of the main causes of death in the world. Most of these fatal injur...

Abstract—When high strength reinforced concrete is exposed to high temperature due to a fire, deteriorations occur such as loss in strength and elastic modulus, cracking and spalling of the concrete. Therefore, it is important to understand risk of structural safety in building structures by studying structural behaviors and rehabilitation of fire damaged high strength concrete structures. This...

Properly designed and maintained asphalt pavements operate for ten to twenty-five years have be rehabilitated after that period. Cold in-place recycling has priority over all other rehabilitation methods since it is done without preheating transportation of reclaimed pavement. Multiple researches on the performance cold recycled mixtures been done; however, unclear how entire pavement structure...