Despite the tremendous public health and financial burden of cigarette smoking, relatively little is understood about brain mechanisms that subserve smoking behavior. This study investigated the effect of lifetime regular smoking on brain processing in a reward guessing task using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a co-twin control study design in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs that maxima...

In this paper we characterize the regular medial algebras, the paramedial n-ary groupoids with a regular element, the paramedial algebras with a regular element and the regular paramedial algebras. Also, we characterize paramedial, co-medial and co-paramedial pairs of quasigroup operations and paramedial, co-medial and co-paramedial algebras with the quasigroup operations.

Line spectrum pairs (LSPs) are the roots (located in the complex-frequency or -plane) of symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials synthesized using a linear prediction (LPC) polynomial. The angles of these roots, known as line-spectral frequencies (LSFs), implicitly represent the LPC polynomial and hence the spectral envelope of the underlying signal. By exploiting the duality between the time a...

r is called commuting regular ring (resp. semigroup) if for each x,y $in$ r thereexists a $in$ r such that xy = yxayx. in this paper, we introduce the concept of commuting$pi$-regular rings (resp. semigroups) and study various properties of them.

A multilinear approach based on Grassmann representatives and matrix compounds is presented for the identification of reducing pairs of subspaces that are common to two or more matrices. Similar methods are employed to characterize the deflating pairs of subspaces for a regular matrix pencil A+ sB, namely, pairs of subspaces (L,M) such that AL ⊆ M and BL ⊆ M.

In this paper we introduce the notion of an «-partition for a Hjelmslev-matrix (//-matrix). This allows us to prove a new composition theorem for //-matrices. We obtain the existence of (/, r)//-matrices and hence of regular (/, ry-H-phaes for infinitely many series of invariants which were not yet known. In fact, many of these invariants were not even known to occur as the invariants of any //...

A new generalization of Fiedler's lemma is obtained by introducing the concept main function a matrix. As applications, universal spectra H-join any graphs (possibly non-regular) and adjacency H-generalized join constrained (arbitrary) vertex subsets are obtained. The generalized corona deduced from graphs. Also, construction infinitely many pairs non-regular cospectral provided.

In this paper, we deal with two-dimensional rectangular arrays for representing row and column structures such as symbol tables, spreadsheets, etc. Firstly we formalize the two-dimensional regular languages by pairs of regular expressions for rows and columns. Next we also introduce context-sensitive graph grammars called labeled grid graph grammars, which characterize the two-dimensional regul...

Behavioural evidence suggests that English regular past tense forms are automatically decomposed into their stem and affix (played  = play+ed) based on an implicit linguistic rule, which does not apply to the idiosyncratically formed irregular forms (kept). Additionally, regular, but not irregular inflections, are thought to be processed through the procedural memory system (left inferior front...