The present study is an attempt to compare the use of different forms of greeting speech acts presented in Iranian junior high school textbooks, i.e. Prospect series (I, II, III) and Four Corners series (1, 2, 3 and 4) which are quite popular in Iranian high schools and institutions. To this end, greeting forms in the language function and conversation sections of these two series were analyzed...

To communicate appropriately with native speakers to maintain communicative tasks like ordering food or refusing do a favor without any misunderstandings, learners need acquire the sociocultural features of target language (TL) pragmatic units speech acts. One source input providing these TL is coursebooks they use in classrooms. This study’s goal was explore strategy types and authenticity act...

this paper reports on the findings of a study designed to investigate the cultural and social complexities governing the compliment responses among the persian native speakers. 200 persian respondents took a 24-item discourse completion task (dct) while 15 native field workers were also set responsible for collecting the examples of complimenting exchanges they either observed or participated i...

Abstract This exploratory study examined L2 Spanish learners’ tone choices and oral fluency when producing preferred dispreferred speech acts, specifically acceptances refusals. Participants were 27 college students enrolled in intermediate-level classes. They completed a video-based speaking task that elicited four refusals response to imaginary scenarios (two status-equal two status-unequal f...

agents, in a multi agent system, communicate with each other through the process of exchanging messages which is called dialogue. multi agent organization is generally used to optimize agents’ communications. holonic organization demonstrates a self-similar recursive and hierarchical structure in which each holon may include some other holons. in a holonic system, lateral communication occurs b...

This paper explores people's acts of disengagement from activist campaign and group spaces in the context border struggle activism Germany UK as fugitive practices refusal. These took form remaining silent or intentionally distracted, sleeping during meetings, distancing oneself groups conversations, completely withdrawing these spaces. The approaches acts, first, refusal that expose notions po...

When we speak we can do all sorts of things, from aspirating a consonant, to constructing a relative clause, to insulting a guest, to starting a war. These are all, pre-theoretically, speech acts—acts done in the process of speaking. The theory of speech acts, however, is especially concerned with those acts that are not completely covered under one or more of the major divisions of grammar—pho...

Agents, in a multi agent system, communicate with each other through the process of exchanging messages which is called dialogue. Multi agent organization is generally used to optimize agents’ communications. Holonic organization demonstrates a self-similar recursive and hierarchical structure in which each holon may include some other holons. In a holonic system, lateral communication occurs b...