the present experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritive value of banana tree leaves and stems silage by use of in vitro gas production and as well in situ nylon bag techniques. experimental treatments were comprised of: 1- stems and leaves of banana trees (control), 2- stems and leaves of banana trees’ silage without addition of any additive, 3- stems and leaves of banana trees’ sil...

OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the standards of rationality that physicians use when evaluating patients' treatment refusals. DESIGN OF THE STUDY Qualitative design with in depth interviews. PARTICIPANTS The study sample included 30 patients with cancer and 16 physicians (oncologists and general practitioners). All patients had refused a recommended oncological treatment. RESULTS Patients...

BACKGROUND HIV serosurveys have become important sources of HIV prevalence estimates, but these estimates may be biased because of refusals and other forms of non-response. We investigate the effect of the post-test counseling study protocol on bias due to the refusal to be tested. METHODS Data come from a nine-month prospective study of hospital admissions in Addis Ababa during which patient...

Pretrial detainees have a constitutionally protected right to refuse medical treatment in most circumstances; however, individuals found incompetent to stand trial (IST) due to a mental disorder can be treated involuntarily by clinicians who adhere to careful medical and legal procedures. The process of involuntary treatment of IST pretrial detainees begins with categorization into particular l...

to achieve tight glycemic control in diabetic patients, it may be necessary to introduce insulin therapy much earlier in the disease course. poor glycemic control is a risk factor for the development of diabetic complications. many patients require insulin therapy after several years of disease in order to maintain good glycemic control and prevent complications. but many patients do not receiv...

This article examines one kind of conscientious refusal: the refusal of healthcare professionals to treat sexual dysfunction in individuals with a history of sexual offending. According to what I call the orthodoxy, such refusal is invariably impermissible, whereas at least one other kind of conscientious refusal-refusal to offer abortion services-is not. I seek to put pressure on the orthodoxy...