OBJECTIVES To estimate prevalence of renal impairment, rate of decline in kidney function and changes in metformin use after decline in kidney function, in metformin initiators. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted this 2-country cohort study using routine data from northern Denmark and the UK during 2000-2011. We included metformin initiators among patients aged ≥30 years with medic...

This study investigates the role of social networks in influencing individuals' decision whether to participate a community energy initiative (CEI), by incorporating different types contact between members and CEI initiators. Engagement is crucial for success thus key question how initiators can reach stimulate involvement. By analyzing community's network we investigate structure ties influenc...

Three new triphenylamine derivatives bearing formyl groups were synthesized and tested for their suitability as photo-initiators multi-photon lithography. The efficiency of the photo-polymerization was by two different setups a variety applications. Based on broad fabrication window, well-defined 3D prints in sub-micron range (resolution aspect ratio), solubility, we demonstrate these are viabl...

quinones are a class of compounds which have widespread importance in chemistry, biology and medicine. because of their appropriate performance in electron transferring rate, quinones are among the most applicable mediators in biosensors. recently, the effects of different non-metal substitutions on redox potential of quinone have been investigated to design suitable mediators for different ele...

There is limited comparative effectiveness evidence to guide approaches to managing diabetes in individuals failing metformin monotherapy. Our aim was to compare the incidence of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among new metformin monotherapy users initiating a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), sulfo...

1. Multifunctional Initiators. 3749 2. Multifunctional Linking Agents 3751 3. Use of Difunctional Monomers 3754 B. Star−Block Copolymers 3754 C. Functionalized Stars 3755 1. Functionalized Initiators 3755 2. Functionalized Terminating Agents 3756 D. Asymmetric Stars 3757 1. Molecular Weight Asymmetry 3757 2. Functional Group Asymmetry 3760 3. Topological Asymmetry 3761 E. Miktoarm Star Polymers...

A brief description of the potential occupational health hazards encountered in the manufacture of plastics (polymers) is given. In general, these hazards are due to the monomers used to make the various plastics, to unreacted monomer contained within the finished products, and to the fillers, stabilizers, pigments, inhibitors, and initiators used in fabricating the finished products. They run ...

    Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors attract a lot of interest as useful methods because of their low cost, accuracy, sensitivity, and simplicity. An electro-active redox molecule comprises the main part of the electrochemical-based sensors. Ferrocene is one of the most popular redox molecule used in biosensor fabrication. But, instability of ferrocenium ion in strong nucleophilic reagents...