Reciprocity is a basic property existing in wave phenomena characterized by complex transmission coefficients. duct describes the relationship between direct response at outlet to source applied inlet and reverse outlet. The reciprocity has been adopted simplify methodology for predicting coefficient from vice versa. methods, however, cannot predict form of because they only consider moduli but...

People exhibit group reciprocity when they retaliate, not against the person who harmed them, but against somebody else in that person's group. Group reciprocity may be a key motivation behind intergroup conflict. We investigated group reciprocity in a laboratory experiment. After a group identity manipulation, subjects played a Prisoner's Dilemma with others from different groups. Subjects the...

Quantum Weyl reciprocity relates the representation theory of Hecke algebras of type A with that of q-Schur algebras. This paper establishes that Weyl reciprocity holds integrally (i. e., over the ringZ[q;q ] of Laurent polynomials) and that it behaves well under base-change. A key ingredient in our approach involves the theory of tilting modules for q-Schur algebras. New results obtained in th...

Linear orderings are an open problem for a uni ed theory of reciprocity, which, in a nutshell, can be stated in the following terms. The semantic spectrum of each other is notoriously wide. Theoreticians agree that three schema are particularly signi cant in this spectrum: strong reciprocity, weak reciprocity and linear orderings (see e.g. Beck, 2001; Gillon, 2003). Linear orderings are irrecon...

2 The reciprocity problem 3 2.1 Quadratic reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Cubic reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Biquadratic reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.4 Generalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 Hilber...

This paper provides evidence about the determinants of trust and reciprocal inclinations, that is, a tendency for people to respond in kind to hostile or kind actions, in a representative setting. We investigate the prevalence of reciprocity in the population, the correlation between trust and positive and negative reciprocal inclinations within person, the individual determinants of reciprocit...

Reciprocity is often invoked to explain cooperation. Reciprocity is cognitively demanding, and both direct and indirect reciprocity require that individuals store information about the propensity of their partners to cooperate. By contrast, generalized reciprocity, wherein individuals help on the condition that they received help previously, only relies on whether an individual received help in...

Preference relations are the most common representation structures of information used in decision making problems because they are useful tool in modelling decision processes, above all when we want to aggregate experts’ preferences into group preferences. Therefore, to establish rationality properties to be verified by preference relations is very important in the design of good decision maki...

This paper proposes a new method for finding fuzzy weights in the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), which fuzzifies the derived formulation of an eigenvector directly. The presented formulation only needs information about the upper triangular matrix and the assumption about the reciprocal matrix is not necessary. This characteristic makes the FAHP feasible because the property of recipr...