In the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. The rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a Stoelting stereotaxic instrument. A stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. The third ventricular region was infus...

Background and objectives: More than 40 different alkaloids have been obtained from opium the most important of which are morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine and tabaine. Opioid alkaloids produce analgesia by affecting areas of the brain that have peptides with pharmacological pseudo-opioid properties. These alkaloids show important effects on some intracellular peptides l...

in the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (wss) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). the first group exposed to wss in the pr...

in the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. the rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a stoelting stereotaxic instrument. a stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. the third ventricular region was infus...

the affinity of low density lipoprotein(ldl) to its receptor is very important, because most of ldl-uptake pathway is done by the ldl receptor and the change in size of ldl particle and the modification in its components may affect the ldl affinity for its receptor. in this study, the effects of a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant “ubiquinol-10” have been investigated on the affinity of ldl to...

In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the pr...

Fear can be considered as a functional defense behavior to protect living beings against dangerous situation. In our studies we have investigated the fear behavior in rats in elevated plus maze .The increase in two parameters percent of open arm entries (%OAE) and percent of time spent in the open arms (% OAT) and decrease in the percent of time spent in closed arm (%CAT) was considered as fear...

Fear can be considered as a functional defense behavior to protect living beings against dangerous situation. In our studies we have investigated the fear behavior in rats in elevated plus maze .The increase in two parameters percent of open arm entries (%OAE) and percent of time spent in the open arms (% OAT) and decrease in the percent of time spent in closed arm (%CAT) was considered as fear...

background and objectives: presence of steroid hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) in the tumor tissues of various organs correlates with response to therapy and prognosis. since their role in ovarian cancer is still controversial, in this study we investigated the expression and prognostic value of the estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptors (pr) in ovarian papillary serous...

In the present study, we have investigated the effects of silymarine on depression and the possible role of serotonergic system in these effects. The rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine hydrochloride and placed in a Stoelting stereotaxic instrument. A stainless steel guide cannula (22-gauge) was implanted in the third ventricular region. The third ventricular region was infus...