Some inequalities in normed algebras that provides lower and upper bounds for the norm of ∑n j=1 ajxj are obtained. Applications for estimating the quantities ∥∥∥∥x−1∥∥x± ∥∥y−1∥∥ y∥∥ and ∥∥∥∥y−1∥∥x± ∥∥x−1∥∥ y∥∥ for invertible elements x, y in unital normed algebras are also given.

almost multiplier is rather a new concept in the theory of almost functions. in thispaper we discuss on the boundedness of almost multipliers on some special banach algebras,namely stable algebras. we also de ne an adjoint and extension for almost multiplier.

Conway and Smith’s book is a wonderful introduction to the normed division algebras: the real numbers (R), the complex numbers (C), the quaternions (H) and the octonions (O). The first two are well-known to every mathematician. In constrast, the quaternions and especially the octonions are sadly neglected, so the authors rightly concentrate on these. They develop these number systems from scrat...

Conway and Smith’s book is a wonderful introduction to the normed division algebras: the real numbers (R), the complex numbers (C), the quaternions (H), and the octonions (O). The first two are well-known to every mathematician. In contrast, the quaternions and especially the octonions are sadly neglected, so the authors rightly concentrate on these. They develop these number systems from scrat...

Cayley-Dickson construction produces a sequence of normed algebras over real numbers. Its consequent applications result in complex numbers , quaternions, octonions, etc. In this paper we formalize the construction and prove its basic properties. The notation and terminology used here have been introduced in the following We use the following convention: u, v, x, y, z, X, Y are sets and r, s ar...

Reframing certain well-known particle models in terms of normed division algebras leads to two new results for BSM physics. (1) We identify a sequence complex structures which induces cascade breaking symmetries: Spin(10) $\mapsto$ Pati-Salam Left-Right symmetric Standard model + B-L (both pre- and post-Higgs-mechanism). These derive from the octonions, then quaternions, numbers. (2) provide, a...

Every finite dimensional normed algebra is isomorphic to the direct product of or , it also proved these algebras are ultrasemiprime algebras. In this paper, proof and generalized any